Intelligent battery management systems and methods
Embodiments of the disclosure provide a system for managing an AC block including a plurality of battery storage units and a power conversion system and an AC block managed by the system. The system includes a plurality of battery management controllers each assigned to a battery storage unit in the AC block and manages status information of the corresponding battery storage unit. Each battery management controller is communicably connected with the battery management controllers assigned to neighboring battery storage units to gain awareness of status information of the neighboring battery storage units. One of the plurality of battery management controllers is designated as a lead controller. The lead controller is configured to dispatch the power conversion system of the AC block to convert between DC energy stored in the plurality of battery storage units and AC energy based on collective status information of the plurality of battery storage units.
1 . A system for managing an AC block comprising a plurality of battery storage units and a power conversion system, comprising:
a plurality of battery management controllers each assigned to a battery storage unit in the AC block and manages status information of the corresponding battery storage unit, wherein each battery management controller is communicably connected with the battery management controllers assigned to neighboring battery storage units to gain global awareness of status information of the neighboring battery storage units from a local bus housed in the AC block, wherein the battery management controllers assigned to the neighboring battery storage units each send the status information of the corresponding neighboring battery storage unit to the local bus,
wherein one of the plurality of battery management controllers is designated as a lead controller, wherein the lead controller is configured to dispatch the power conversion system of the AC block to convert between DC energy stored in the plurality of battery storage units and AC energy based on collective status information of the plurality of battery storage units.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of battery storage units are battery containers each comprising a plurality of battery racks.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of battery storage units are battery racks in a battery container.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the status information of a battery storage unit comprises at least one of a battery capacity, a state of charge, a state of health, a bus voltage, a charge current limit, a discharge current limit, and a fault state of the battery storage unit.
5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the collective status information of the plurality of battery storage units comprises the status information of the battery storage unit directly managed by the lead controller and the status information of the neighboring battery storage units learned by the lead controller, wherein the collective status information is stored in the lead controller as a multi-dimensional state matrix.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the lead controller is configured to:
receive a dispatch instruction from an energy management system external to the AC block; and
dispatch the power conversion system of the AC block in response to the dispatch instruction.
7 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the lead controller is automatically redesignated from an initial lead controller to a new lead controller upon a failure of the initial lead controller while the AC block is in use.
8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the new lead controller is randomly elected from the battery management controllers assigned to the neighboring battery storage units of the initial lead controller.
9 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the new lead controller is elected from the battery management controllers assigned to the neighboring battery storage units of the initial lead controller according to a circle of influence of each battery management controller, wherein the circle of influence of each battery management controller measures the extent of awareness the battery management controller gains from its neighboring battery management controllers.
10 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the new lead controller, upon redesignation, is configured to take over communication with the power conversion system and the energy management system.
11 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the initial lead controller is designated before the AC block is in use.
12 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the failure of the initial lead controller is detected when the initial lead controller does not respond after a predetermined number of attempts are made by the energy management system to send the dispatch instruction to the initial lead controller.
13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each battery management controller has a unique identifier, and the lead controller is configured to store the unique identifiers of the battery management controllers assigned to the plurality of battery storage units.
14 . An AC block, comprising:
a power conversion system;
a plurality of battery storage units; and
a plurality of battery management controllers each assigned to a battery storage unit and manages status information of the corresponding battery storage unit,
wherein each battery management controller is communicably connected with the battery management controllers assigned to neighboring battery storage units to gain global awareness of the status information of the neighboring battery storage units from a local bus housed in the AC block, wherein the battery management controllers assigned to the neighboring battery storage units each send the status information of the corresponding neighboring battery storage unit to the local bus,
wherein one of the plurality of battery management controllers is designated as a lead controller, wherein the lead controller is configured to dispatch the power conversion system to convert between DC energy stored in the plurality of battery storage units and AC energy based on collective status information of the plurality of battery storage units.
15 . The AC block of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of battery storage units are battery containers or battery racks.
16 . The AC block of claim 14 , wherein the collective status information of the plurality of battery storage units comprises the status information of the battery storage unit directly managed by the lead controller and the status information of the neighboring battery storage units learned by the lead controller, wherein the collective status information is stored in the lead controller as a multi-dimensional state matrix.
17 . The AC block of claim 14 , wherein the lead controller is automatically redesignated from an initial lead controller to a new lead controller upon a failure of the initial lead controller while the AC block is in use.
18 . The AC block of claim 17 , wherein the new lead controller is randomly elected from the battery management controllers assigned to the neighboring battery storage units.
19 . The AC block of claim 17 , wherein the new lead controller is elected from the battery management controllers assigned to the neighboring battery storage units according to a circle of influence of each battery management controller, wherein the circle of influence of each battery management controller measures the extent of awareness the battery management controller gains from its neighboring battery management controllers.
20 . The AC block of claim 17 , wherein the failure of the initial lead controller is detected when the initial lead controller does not respond after a predetermined number of attempts are made by an energy management system to send a dispatch instruction to the initial lead controller.