Electric vehicle drive unit cooling system
A drive unit for an electric vehicle has an outrunner motor. The outrunner motor has: a motor housing; a rotor disposed in the motor housing; a stator disposed in the motor housing and radially inward of the rotor, the stator having a plurality of stator coils; and an output shaft disposed radially inward of the stator, the output shaft being driven by the rotor, the output shaft and the rotor rotating together about an output shaft axis defined by the output shaft. The vehicle also has an inverter electrically connected to the plurality of stator coils, the inverter having an inverter housing connected to the motor housing; and a fan disposed between the stator and the inverter housing, the fan being configured to draw air between the motor housing and the inverter housing and to supply this air into the motor housing.
1 . A drive unit for an electric vehicle comprising:
an outrunner motor comprising:
a motor housing;
a rotor disposed in the motor housing, the rotor having a sleeve and a plurality of permanent magnets connected to a radially inward side of the sleeve;
a stator disposed in the motor housing and radially inward of the rotor, the stator having a plurality of stator coils; and
an output shaft disposed in part in the motor housing and radially inward of the stator, an end of the output shaft being disposed externally of the motor housing, the output shaft being operatively connected to and driven by the rotor, the output shaft and the rotor rotating together about an output shaft axis defined by the output shaft;
an inverter electrically connected to the plurality of stator coils, the inverter having an inverter housing connected to the motor housing, the output shaft axis extending through the inverter housing; and
a fan disposed between the stator and the inverter housing,
the fan being operatively connected to and driven by the rotor,
the fan connecting the rotor to the output shaft,
the fan rotating together with the output shaft and the rotor about the output shaft axis,
the fan being configured to draw air between the motor housing and the inverter housing and to supply this air into the motor housing, and
the fan comprising:
an outer ring connected to the rotor;
an inner ring connected to the output shaft; and
a plurality of fan blades extending radially between the outer ring and the inner ring.
2 . The drive unit of claim 1 , wherein:
the fan further comprises a plurality of arms connecting the outer ring to the inner ring; and
the plurality of fan blades is connected to the plurality of arms.
3 . The drive unit of claim 2 , wherein the fan blades of the plurality of fan blades are clipped onto the arms of the plurality of arms.
4 . The drive unit of claim 1 , wherein each fan blade of the plurality of fan blades has a plurality of fins on a face of the fan blade facing away from the stator.
5 . The drive unit of claim 1 , wherein the inverter housing defines a plurality of inverter cooling fins on a face of the inverter housing facing the fan.
6 . The drive unit of claim 5 , further comprising an air intake duct connected to the motor housing and the inverter housing for supplying air between the motor housing and the inverter housing to the fan and over the inverter cooling fins.
7 . The drive unit of claim 1 , wherein:
the motor housing defines a plurality of motor cooling fins on a face of the motor housing facing away from the inverter and the fan; and
the output shaft passes through the face of the motor housing facing away from the inverter and the fan.
8 . The drive unit of claim 7 , further comprising an air intake duct connected to the motor housing and the inverter housing for supplying air between the motor housing and the inverter housing to the fan and for supplying air over the motor cooling fins.
9 . A drive unit for an electric vehicle comprising:
an outrunner motor comprising:
a motor housing;
a rotor disposed in the motor housing, the rotor having a sleeve and a plurality of permanent magnets connected to a radially inward side of the sleeve;
a stator disposed in the motor housing and radially inward of the rotor, the stator having a plurality of stator coils; and
an output shaft disposed in part in the motor housing and radially inward of the stator, an end of the output shaft being disposed externally of the motor housing, the output shaft being operatively connected to and driven by the rotor, the output shaft and the rotor rotating together about an output shaft axis defined by the output shaft;
an inverter electrically connected to the plurality of stator coils, the inverter having an inverter housing connected to the motor housing, the output shaft axis extending through the inverter housing;
a fan disposed between the stator and the inverter housing, the fan being configured to draw air between the motor housing and the inverter housing and to supply this air into the motor housing; and
a drive sprocket mounted to the end of the output shaft disposed externally of the motor housing;
the drive sprocket and the inverter being disposed on opposite sides of the stator.
10 . An electric kart comprising:
a frame;
a seat connected to the frame;
two front wheels rotationally connected to the frame;
a steering wheel operatively connected to the two front wheels;
a rear-wheel axle rotationally connected to the frame;
two rear wheels connected to the rear-wheel axle;
a battery pack connected to the frame; and
a drive unit connected to the frame, the drive unit comprising:
an outrunner motor comprising:
a motor housing;
a rotor disposed in the motor housing, the rotor having a sleeve and a plurality of permanent magnets connected to a radially inward side of the sleeve;
a stator disposed in the motor housing and radially inward of the rotor, the stator having a plurality of stator coils; and
an output shaft disposed in part in the motor housing and radially inward of the stator, the output shaft being operatively connected to the rear-wheel axle to drive the two rear wheels, an end of the output shaft being disposed externally of the motor housing, the output shaft being operatively connected to and driven by the rotor, the output shaft and the rotor rotating together about an output shaft axis defined by the output shaft, the output shaft axis extending laterally;
an inverter electrically connected to the plurality of stator coils, the inverter having an inverter housing connected to the motor housing, the output shaft axis extending through the inverter housing, the battery pack being electrically connected to the inverter;
a fan disposed between the stator and the inverter housing, the fan being configured to draw air between the motor housing and the inverter housing and to supply this air into the motor housing; and
an air intake duct connected to the motor housing and the inverter housing for supplying air between the motor housing and the inverter housing to the fan.
11 . The electric kart of claim 10 , wherein:
the battery pack is disposed in front of the motor; and
a front end of the air intake duct extends over the battery pack.
12 . The electric kart of claim 11 , wherein an inlet of the air intake duct is vertically higher than an outlet of the air intake duct.
13 . The electric kart of claim 10 , wherein the drive unit is disposed laterally on one side of the seat.
14 . The electric kart of claim 13 , wherein the motor is disposed longitudinally between the battery pack and the rear-wheel axle.