IP Library Granted Patent US 12684551
Granted Patent B2
US 12684551 · App. 17/701,109 · Granted Jul 14, 2026

Systems and methods for de-correlating coded signals in dual port transmissions

Inventors: Daniel Popp (Munich, DE); Lydi Smaini (San Jose, CA); Anatoliy S Ioffe (Redwood City, CA)
Assignee: Apple Inc.
H04W72/0466
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12684551
App. No.
17/701,109
Granted
Jul 14, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

User equipment (UE) applies a first code division multiplex access (CDMA) code to a baseband signal to generate a first signal, and a second CDMA code to the baseband signal to generate a second signal. The UE then transmits the first signal to a receiving device via a first antenna, and the second signal to the receiving device via a second antenna. The receiving device receives the first and second signals as a combined signal at an antenna, and extracts the first signal from the combined signal using the first CDMA code, and extracts the second signal from the combined signal using the second CDMA code. The CDMA codes may be real-valued or complex-valued. In some embodiments, the UE may separate the baseband signals into first and second portions, and transmit the first portion as part of the first signal and the second portion as part of the second signal.

Claims (44)

1 . User equipment, comprising:

a first set of antennas;

a second set of antennas; and

processing circuitry configured to apply a first code division multiplex access (CDMA) code to a baseband signal via a first single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) logic to generate a first signal, apply a second CDMA code to the baseband signal via a second SC-FDMA logic to generate a second signal, transmit the first signal via the first set of antennas, and transmit the second signal via the second set of antennas, the first CDMA code and the second CDMA code each comprising a real-valued CDMA code or a complex-valued CDMA code.

2 . The user equipment of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is configured to transmit the first signal via the first set of antennas concurrently with the second signal via the second set of antennas.

3 . The user equipment of claim 1 , wherein the first CDMA code is different from the second CDMA code.

4 . The user equipment of claim 1 , comprising a first linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) configured to generate a first primitive polynomial and a second LFSR configured to generate a second primitive polynomial, the processing circuitry configured to generate the first CDMA code based on the first primitive polynomial and generate the second CDMA code based on the second primitive polynomial.

5 . The user equipment of claim 1 , wherein a receiving device is configured to receive the first signal and the second signal as a received signal, the receiving device comprising additional processing circuitry configured to extract the first signal from the received signal using the first CDMA code, and extract the second signal from the received signal using the second CDMA code.

6 . An electronic device, comprising:

an antenna configured to receive a combined signal comprising a first signal encoded using a first code division multiplex access (CDMA) code and a second signal encoded using a second CDMA code;

transform logic configured to convert the combined signal from a time domain to a frequency domain and output a first copy of the combined signal along a first path and a second copy of the combined signal along a second path;

a first equalizer configured to receive the first copy of the combined signal along the first path and equalize a first channel;

a second equalizer configured to receive the second copy of the combined signal along the second path and equalize a second channel;

processing circuitry configured to extract the first signal from the first copy of the combined signal by causing the first equalizer to equalize the first channel using the first CDMA code, and extract the second signal from the second copy of the combined signal by causing the second equalizer to equalize the second channel using the second CDMA code; and

an adder configured to combine a first set of symbols associated with the first signal and a second set of symbols associated with the second signal to generate a baseband signal.

7 . The electronic device of claim 6 , comprising a first linear feedback shift register (LFSR) configured to generate a first complex exponential of a first cumulative sum, the first CDMA code being based on the first complex exponential of the first cumulative sum, and a second LFSR configured to generate a second complex exponential of a second cumulative sum, the second CDMA code being based on the second complex exponential of the second cumulative sum.

8 . The electronic device of claim 6 , comprising a first linear feedback shift register (LFSR) configured to generate a first real component of the first CDMA code, a second LFSR configured to generate a first imaginary component of the first CDMA code, a third LFSR configured to generate a second real component of the second CDMA code, and a fourth LFSR configured to generate a second imaginary component of the second CDMA code.

9 . The electronic device of claim 6 , wherein the first signal and the second signal each comprises an instance of the baseband signal.

10 . The electronic device of claim 6 , wherein the first signal comprises a first portion of the baseband signal, and the second signal comprises a second portion of the baseband signal.

11 . The electronic device of claim 6 , wherein user equipment is configured to transmit the first signal and the second signal, the user equipment comprising additional processing circuitry configured to apply the first CDMA code to a first portion of the baseband signal to generate the first signal, apply the second CDMA code to a second portion of the baseband signal to generate the second signal, a first antenna configured to transmit the first signal, and a second antenna configured to transmit the second signal.

12 . A method, comprising:

receiving, by processing circuitry of user equipment, a baseband signal;

generating, by the processing circuitry, a first code division multiplex access (CDMA) sequence and a second CDMA sequence, wherein the first CDMA sequence and the second CDMA sequence each comprise a real-valued CDMA sequence or a complex-valued CDMA sequence;

applying, by a first single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) logic, the first CDMA sequence to the baseband signal to generate a first signal;

applying, by a second SC-FDMA logic, the second CDMA sequence to the baseband signal to generate a second signal;

transmitting, via a first set of antennas of the user equipment, the first signal; and

transmitting, via a second set of antennas of the user equipment, the second signal.

13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the first CDMA sequence comprises a first in-phase component and a first quadrature component, and applying, by the first SC-FDMA logic, the first CDMA sequence to the baseband signal comprises performing complex multiplication using the first in-phase component and the first quadrature component on the baseband signal to generate the first signal.

14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the second CDMA sequence comprises a second in-phase component and a second quadrature component, and applying, by the second SC-FDMA logic, the second CDMA sequence to the baseband signal comprises performing complex multiplication using the second in-phase component and the second quadrature component on the baseband signal to generate the second signal.

15 . The method of claim 12 , comprising:

generating, by the processing circuitry, a third CDMA sequence and a fourth CDMA sequence;

applying, by the first SC-FDMA logic, the third CDMA sequence to the baseband signal to generate a third signal;

applying, by the second SC-FDMA logic, the fourth CDMA sequence to the baseband signal to generate a fourth signal;

transmitting, via the first set of antennas of the user equipment, the third signal; and

transmitting, via the second set of antennas of the user equipment, the fourth signal.

16 . The method of claim 12 , comprising, separating, by the processing circuitry, the baseband signal into a first portion and a second portion, wherein applying, by the first SC-FDMA logic, the first CDMA sequence to the baseband signal to generate the first signal comprises applying, by the first SC-FDMA logic, the first CDMA sequence to the first portion, and applying, by the second SC-FDMA logic, the second CDMA sequence to the baseband signal to generate the second signal comprises applying, by the second SC-FDMA logic, the second CDMA sequence to the second portion.

17 . The electronic device of claim 6 , comprising:

first inverse transform logic configured to convert the first signal from the frequency domain to the time domain; and

second inverse transform logic configured to convert the second signal from the frequency domain to the time domain.

18 . The electronic device of claim 6 , comprising:

a first symbol accumulator configured to determine the first set of symbols associated with the first signal; and

a second symbol accumulator configured to determine the second set of symbols associated with the second signal.

19 . The user equipment of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive a maximum length sequence from a sequence generator.

20 . The user equipment of claim 19 , wherein the first CDMA code and the second CDMA code are each based on the maximum length sequence.