Liquid cooling systems using cylinder actuator for high-performance computing systems
Embodiments presented herein include systems and methods for cooling a device, such as a computing system for an autonomous vehicle. In one or more embodiments, a linear drive actuator may be employed to circulate cooling fluid (or coolant) to the computing system. Unlike typical hydraulic or linear actuators, embodiments herein are capable of consistent directional circulation of the fluid while the actuator is moving in both forward and backward directions. Using a linear actuator not only uses fewer parts as compared to current cooling systems, but such embodiments have additional benefits. A linear actuator cooling system can use a smaller motor than traditional pump cooling systems, has more control relative to rate and pressure, produces less noise, produces fewer vibrations, and has a longer lifespan. Embodiments may also be configured to facilitate circulation of the coolant even in the event of a controller or motor actuator malfunction.
1 . A cooling system comprising:
a linear actuator comprising:
a housing;
a moveable plunger within the housing comprising a piston at one end of the plunger that divides the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber;
a first inlet in the housing for receiving fluid that has been cooled into the first chamber of the housing;
a second inlet in the housing for receiving fluid that has been cooled into the second chamber of the housing;
a first outlet in the housing for providing an outlet of the fluid from the first chamber toward a device to be cooled;
a second outlet in the housing for providing an outlet of the fluid from the second chamber toward the device to be cooled;
a motive component for moving the piston in a first direction and a second direction; and
a controller for controlling the motive component;
wherein:
when cooled fluid is forced outward from the first chamber via the first outlet by the piston moving in a first direction, cooled fluid is drawn into the second chamber via the second inlet; and
when cooled fluid is forced outward from the second chamber via the second outlet by the piston moving in a second direction opposite the first direction, cooled fluid is drawn into the first chamber via the first inlet; and
a pathway system that:
facilitates fluid flow from the first and second chambers of the housing across at least part of the device to be cooled to allow the fluid to absorb heat from the device; and
facilitates fluid flow from a radiator system back to the housing; and
a radiator system for receiving fluid that has been heated by the device that facilitates dissipating heat from the fluid.
2 . The cooling system of claim 1 further comprising a reservoir that is coupled via the pathway system to receive fluid from the radiator system that has been cooled and is coupled to supply the fluid that has been cooled to the housing.
3 . The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the controller controls a rate at which the piston is moved in the first and second directions to affect pressure of the fluid as it flows by the device.
4 . The cooling system of claim 1 further comprising a spring that exerts force upon the plunger or piston that causes, responsive to a failure of the motive component, the controller, or both, the plunger to be moved to a position that allows cooled fluid to flow through the first chamber, the second chamber, or both.
5 . The cooling system of claim 4 further comprising:
a reservoir is coupled via a pathway system to receive fluid from a radiator system that has been cooled and is coupled to supply the fluid that has been cooled to the housing;
wherein the reservoir is positioned at a height above the housing and the device to be cooled is positioned at a height below the housing to facilitate circulation of the fluid through the cooling system by having the fluid in the reservoir, which is cooled and denser than when the fluid has absorbed heat from the device, sink through the housing into the device, which heats the fluid and causes it to rise to the radiator system.
6 . The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the piston is configured to block the first inlet or the second outlet for at least part of a first travel when it is moved in one direction and to block the second inlet or the first outlet for at least part of a second travel when it is moved in an opposite direction to direct the fluid to exit one chamber and fill the other chamber.
7 . The cooling system of claim 1 wherein:
the first inlet and the second inlet each comprises a valve;
the first outlet and the second outlet each comprises a valve; or
the first inlet, the second inlet, the first outlet, and the second outlet each comprise a valve,
wherein one or more of the valves are controlled by the controller to direct the fluid to exit one chamber and fill the other chamber.
8 . The cooling system of claim 7 wherein one or more of the valves are one-way valves.
9 . The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the motive component is an electric motor or a hydraulic actuator.
10 . The cooling system of claim 1 further comprising a spring that exerts force upon the plunger or piston that causes, responsive to a failure of the motive component, the controller, or both, the plunger to be moved to a position that allows cooled fluid to flow through the first chamber, the second chamber, or both.
11 . The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the controller controls a rate at which the piston is moved in the first and second directions to affect the rate of cooling of the device.
12 . A method for cooling a computing system, the method comprising:
monitoring, using a thermal sensor, a temperature of a computing system;
responsive to detecting via a thermal sensor that the computing system exceeds a first threshold temperature:
causing, via a controller, an actuator of a cooling system to increase speed of the actuator to a requested speed;
determining a speed of the actuator; and
responsive to the speed of the actuator not reaching the requested speed within a first threshold time:
determining whether the actuator speed is less than a speed threshold;
responsive to the actuator speed being less than the speed threshold, increasing the speed of the actuator; and
responsive to the actuator speed being at least equal to the speed threshold, causing the computing system to be shut down; and
responsive to detecting via a thermal sensor that the computing system is less than a second threshold temperature, returning to the step of monitoring the temperature of the computing system,
wherein the actuator of the cooling system comprises:
a housing;
a moveable plunger within the housing comprising a piston at one end of the plunger that divides the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber;
a first inlet in the housing for receiving fluid that has been cooled into the first chamber of the housing;
a second inlet in the housing for receiving fluid that has been cooled into the second chamber of the housing;
a first outlet in the housing for providing an outlet of the fluid from the first chamber toward the computing system to be cooled;
a second outlet in the housing for providing an outlet of the fluid from the second chamber toward the computing system to be cooled; and
a motive component for moving the piston in a first direction and a second direction;
wherein:
when cooled fluid is forced outward from the first chamber via the first outlet by the piston moving in a first direction, cooled fluid is drawn into the second chamber via the second inlet; and
when cooled fluid is forced outward from the second chamber via the second outlet by the piston moving in a second direction opposite the first direction, cooled fluid is drawn into the first chamber via the first inlet.
13 . The method of claim 12 wherein the cooling system further comprises:
a pathway system that:
facilitates fluid flow from the first and second chambers of the housing across at least part of the computing system to be cooled to allow the fluid to absorb heat from the computing system; and
facilitates fluid flow from a radiator system back to the housing;
a radiator system for receiving fluid that has been heated by the computing system that facilitates dissipating heat from the fluid; and
a reservoir that is coupled via the pathway system to receive fluid from the radiator system that has been cooled and is coupled to supply the fluid that has been cooled to the housing.
14 . The method of claim 12 wherein the step of responsive to the actuator speed being at least equal to the speed threshold, causing the computing system to be shut down further comprises:
causing an alert to be made that signifies a failure of the cooling system.
15 . A cooling system comprising:
a linear actuator comprising:
a housing;
a moveable plunger within the housing comprising a piston at one end of the plunger that divides the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber;
a first inlet in the housing for receiving fluid that has been cooled into the first chamber of the housing;
a second inlet in the housing for receiving fluid that has been cooled into the second chamber of the housing;
a first outlet in the housing for providing an outlet of the fluid from the first chamber toward a device to be cooled;
a second outlet in the housing for providing an outlet of the fluid from the second chamber toward the device to be cooled;
a motive component for moving the piston in a first direction and a second direction; and
a controller for controlling the motive component;
a pathway system that:
facilitates fluid flow from the first and second chambers of the housing across at least part of the device to be cooled to allow the fluid to absorb heat from the device; and
facilitates fluid flow from a radiator system back to the housing;
a radiator system for receiving fluid that has been heated by the device that facilitates dissipating heat from the fluid; and
a reservoir that is coupled via the pathway system to receive fluid from the radiator system that has been cooled and is coupled to supply the fluid that has been cooled to the housing.
16 . The cooling system of claim 15 wherein:
the first inlet and the second inlet each comprises a valve;
the first outlet and the second outlet each comprises a valve; or
the first inlet, the second inlet, the first outlet, and the second outlet each comprise a valve;
wherein one or more of the valves are controlled by the controller to direct the fluid to exit one chamber and fill the other chamber.
17 . The cooling system of claim 15 wherein the piston is configured to block the first inlet or the second outlet for at least part of a first travel when it is moved in one direction and to block the second inlet or the first outlet for at least part of a second travel when it is moved in an opposite direction to direct the fluid to exit one chamber and fill the other chamber.
18 . The cooling system of claim 15 further comprising a spring that exerts force upon the plunger or piston that causes, responsive to a failure of the motive component, the controller, or both, the plunger to be moved to a position that allows cooled fluid to flow through the first chamber, the second chamber, or both.