Systems, devices, and methods for guiding resonance breathing via biofeedback

1 . A system for dynamically guiding a user with heart rate variability feedback to a resonance state, the system comprising:

a first computing device comprising:

a first transceiver,

an audio output device; and

a display;

a second computing device comprising:

a second transceiver configured to wirelessly communicate with the first transceiver;

a heart rate sensor;

one or more processors; and

memory having stored thereon computer program code that, when executed by the one or more processors, is configured to cause the one or more processors to:

receive user input;

responsive to receiving the user input, cause, via a wireless connection between the second transceiver and the first transceiver, the audio output device to output an audio content associated with a default breathing pattern;

dynamically receive interbeat interval data from the heart rate sensor;

dynamically extract one or more characteristics from the interbeat interval data, the one or more characteristics comprising minimum interbeat interval values and maximum interbeat interval values;

cause, via a wireless connection between the second transceiver and the first transceiver, the display to indicate a dynamic visual pattern based on the one or more characteristics;

dynamically determine a second breathing pattern by:

determining a plurality of wave segments based on the minimum interbeat interval values and the maximum interbeat interval values;

associating the plurality of wave segments with at least partial breathing cycle time segments; and

determining at least partial breathing cycle times for the second breathing pattern based on calculating weighted averages of the at least partial breathing cycle time segments;

dynamically cause, via a wireless connection between the second transceiver and the first transceiver, the audio content to change based on the second breathing pattern;

dynamically determining whether a threshold number of the maximum interbeat interval values and the minimum interbeat interval values are in a first frequency band; and

responsive to determining that the threshold number of the maximum interbeat interval values and the minimum interbeat interval values are in the first frequency band, cause the first computing device, the second computing device, or both to indicate that the user has entered the resonance state via an audio change, a visual change, a haptic feedback change, or a combination thereof to increase a vagal tone of the user.

2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic visual pattern is displayed in a first color, and wherein the computer program code is further configured to cause the one or more processors to:

determine whether a threshold number of interbeat intervals corresponds to the first frequency band; and

responsive to determining that the threshold number of interbeat intervals corresponds to the first frequency band, display the dynamic visual pattern in a second color that is different from the first color.

3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the computer program code is further configured to cause the one or more processors to:

cause a portion of the display to display an instantaneous heart rate.

4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more characteristics comprise a heart rate, a heart rate change, peak-trough amplitude, and peak-trough frequencies, or combinations thereof.

5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the dynamic visual pattern changes based on characteristics of peak-trough frequencies.

6 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the second computing device comprises a haptic feedback device configured to provide a haptic feedback pattern corresponding to the interbeat interval or corresponding to the audio content or the dynamic visual pattern.

7 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the second computing device further comprises a haptic feedback device configured to:

generate a haptic feedback pattern corresponding to the default breathing pattern or the second breathing pattern which correspond to different inhale-exhale progress curves plotting diaphragm expansion percentage against time; and

cause the haptic feedback device to change haptic feedback intensity associated with the default breathing pattern or second breathing pattern in response to determining the diaphragm expansion percentage changes by a threshold diaphragm expansion percentage.

8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the change in haptic feedback intensity during an inhale portion of the default breathing pattern or the second breathing pattern correspond with increases in intensity until the diaphragm expansion percentage reaches a first threshold.

9 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the change in haptic feedback intensity during an exhale portion of the default breathing pattern or second breathing pattern correspond with increases in intensity until the diaphragm expansion percentage reaches a second threshold.

10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the default breathing pattern and the second breathing pattern corresponds to different inhale-exhale progress curves plotting diaphragm expansion percentage against time, and wherein the computer program code is further configured to cause the one or more processors to trigger a change in volume of the audio output associated with the default breathing pattern or second breathing pattern in response to determining that the diaphragm expansion percentage changed by a threshold diaphragm expansion percentage.

11 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the change in volume of the audio output during an inhale portion of the default breathing pattern or the second breathing pattern correspond with increases in volume until the diaphragm expansion percentage reaches a first threshold and then corresponds with decreases in volume until the diaphragm expansion percentage reaches a second threshold.

12 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the change in volume during an exhale portion of the default breathing pattern or second breathing pattern correspond with increases in volume until the diaphragm expansion percentage reaches a third threshold and then corresponds with decreases in volume until the diaphragm expansion percentage reaches a fourth threshold.

13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein:

the first computing device comprises a strain gauge configured to measure blood pressure when a user holds the first computing device with a first grip releasing to a second grip, and

the computer program code is further configured to cause the one or more processors of the second computing device to receive blood pressure data from the first computing device and update the default breathing pattern or second breathing pattern based on the blood pressure data.

14 . A computing device, comprising:

a transceiver

one or more processors; and

a memory having stored thereon computer program code that, when executed by the one or more processors, is configured to cause the one or more processors to:

dynamically receive, via a wireless connection of the transceiver, interbeat interval data from an instantaneous heart rate sensor, wherein the interbeat interval data comprises one or more interbeat intervals;

cause, via the wireless connection of the transceiver, an audio output device to output an audio content associated with a default breathing pattern;

dynamically extract one or more characteristics from the interbeat interval data in real time, the one or more characteristics comprising minimum interbeat interval values and maximum interbeat interval values;

dynamically determine a second breathing pattern by:

determining a plurality of wave segments measured from the minimum interbeat interval values to the maximum interbeat interval values;

associating the plurality of wave segments with at least partial breathing cycle time segments; and

determining at least partial breathing cycle times for the second breathing pattern based on calculating weighted averages of the at least partial breathing cycle time segments;

cause, via the wireless connection of the transceiver, the audio content to dynamically change based on the second breathing pattern; and

dynamically determining whether a threshold number of the maximum and minimum interbeat interval values are in a first frequency band; and

responsive to determining that the threshold number of the maximum interbeat interval values and the minimum interbeat interval values are in the first frequency band, cause, via the wireless connection of the transceiver, the audio output device to indicate a user has reached a resonance state to improve a vagal tone of the user.

15 . The computing device of claim 14 , wherein the default breathing pattern and the second breathing pattern corresponds to different inhale-exhale progress curves plotting diaphragm expansion percentage against time, and wherein the computer program code is further configured to cause the one or more processors to trigger a change in volume of the audio content associated with the default breathing pattern or second breathing pattern in response to determining the diaphragm expansion percentage changed by a threshold diaphragm expansion percentage.

16 . The computing device of claim 15 , wherein the computer program code is further configured to cause the one or more processors to trigger a change in volume of the audio content associated with the default breathing pattern or second breathing pattern in response to determining the diaphragm expansion percentage changed by a threshold diaphragm expansion percentage.

17 . The computing device of claim 16 , wherein the change in volume during an inhale portion of the default breathing pattern or the second breathing pattern correspond with increases in volume until the diaphragm expansion percentage reaches a first threshold and then corresponds with decreases in volume until the diaphragm expansion percentage reaches a second threshold.

18 . The computing device of claim 17 , wherein the change in volume during an exhale portion of the default breathing pattern or second breathing pattern correspond with increases in volume until the diaphragm expansion percentage reaches a third threshold and then corresponds with decreases in volume until the diaphragm expansion percentage reaches a fourth threshold.

19 . The computing device of claim 14 , wherein the computer program code is further configured to cause the one or more processors to:

cause a display to dynamically indicate a heart rate variability pattern based on the one or more characteristics.

20 . The computing device of claim 15 , wherein the computer program code is further configured to cause the one or more processors to:

determine whether a threshold number of the one or more interbeat intervals corresponds to a first frequency band; and

responsive to determining that the threshold number of interbeat intervals corresponds to the first frequency band, indicate that the threshold number of interbeat intervals are in the first frequency band via an audio change, display change, or both.

21 . The computing device of claim 19 , wherein a heart rate variability pattern is displayed in a first color.

22 . The computing device of claim 21 , wherein the computer program code is further configured to cause the one or more processors to:

determine whether a threshold number of interbeat intervals are in a first frequency band; and

responsive to determining that the threshold number of interbeat intervals are in the first frequency band, display the heart rate variability pattern in a second color that is different from the first color.

23 . The computing device of claim 14 , wherein the computer program code is further configured to cause the one or more processors to:

cause a display to display an instantaneous heart rate.

24 . The computing device of claim 14 , wherein the one or more characteristics comprise frequencies associated with heart rate change.

25 . The computing device of claim 19 , wherein the indication of the heart rate variability pattern dynamically changes based on frequencies associated with a heart rate change.

26 . The computing device of claim 14 , wherein the audio content comprises a series of ascending and descending tones, tones of different volume levels, or both.

27 . A system comprising:

a first computing device comprising:

a display;

a first transceiver; and

an audio output device;

a second computing device comprising:

an instantaneous heart rate sensor;

a second transceiver;

one or more processors; and

a memory having stored thereon computer program code that, when executed by the one or more processors, is configured to cause the one or more processors to:

dynamically receive interbeat interval data from the instantaneous heart rate sensor, wherein the interbeat interval data comprises one or more interbeat intervals;

dynamically extract one or more characteristics from the interbeat interval data, the one or more characteristics comprising minimum interbeat interval values and maximum interbeat interval values;

dynamically determine a second breathing pattern by:

determining a plurality of interbeat interval wave segments measured from the minimum interbeat interval values to the maximum interbeat interval values;

associating the plurality of wave segments with at least partial breathing cycle time segments; and

determining at least partial breathing cycle times for the second breathing pattern based on calculating weighted averages of the at least partial breathing cycle time segments;

cause, via a wireless connection between the first and second transceivers, the display to indicate a dynamic heart rate variability pattern based on the one or more characteristics; and

dynamically determining whether a threshold number of the maximum interbeat interval values and the minimum interbeat interval values are in a first frequency band; and

responsive to determining that the threshold number of the maximum interbeat interval values and the minimum interbeat interval values are in the first frequency band, cause, via the wireless connection between the first and second transceivers, the display to indicate a user has reached a resonance breathing state to improve a vagal tone of the user.

28 . The system of claim 27 , wherein:

the display comprises a plurality of lights and the one or more characteristics comprising a heart rate, a heart rate change, peak-trough amplitudes, peak-trough frequencies, or combinations thereof, and

indicating the dynamic heart rate variability pattern comprises turning on the plurality of lights in series starting from a lowest positioned light of the plurality of lights, and

the dynamic heart rate variability pattern comprises turning off the plurality of lights in series starting from a highest positioned light that is turned on of the plurality of lights.

29 . The system of claim 1 , wherein dynamically determining whether a threshold number of maximum and minimum interbeat interval values are within the first frequency band comprises determining at least 70% of the last 4 to 20 changes between maximum and minimum interbeat interval values are within frequencies of about 2.4 and about 9.5 cycles or half cycles per minute.

30 . The system of claim 27 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine that a user reached resonance state when once receiving interbeat interval data corresponding to peak-trough heartbeat amplitudes that are 2 to 4 times initial or typical peak-trough heartbeat amplitudes for the user.