Systems and methods for navigated reaming of the acetabulum
Systems and methods for real-time navigation of reaming of an acetabulum are disclosed. A first tracking element is interfaced to a reamer. A second tracking element is interfaced at or near the acetabulum. The first tracking element can be interfaced to an outer casing surrounding a portion of the shaft of the reamer. A depth and a tilt angle of the reamer with respect to the acetabulum are determined, based on a location of the first and second tracking elements. Based on a surgical plan, the depth and the tilt angle, the volume of removed bone from the acetabulum can also be determined.
1 . A system for performing navigated reaming of an acetabulum, the system comprising:
a navigational tracking system;
a reamer;
a first tracking element affixed to the reamer and configured to be tracked by the navigational tracking system;
a second tracking element affixed to an acetabulum and configured to be tracked by the navigational tracking system; and
a processor in communication with the navigational tracking system, the processor programmed to:
receive a surgical plan, wherein the surgical plan comprises one or more patient-specific parameters associated with a total hip arthroplasty, wherein the one or more patient-specific parameters comprise a planned implant location and orientation,
receive a three-dimensional model of at least a portion of the acetabulum,
determine at least one of a depth and a tilt angle of the reamer with respect to the acetabulum and the planned implant location and orientation based on a location of the first tracking element, a location of the second tracking element, and information associated with a geometry of the reamer, and
modify the three-dimensional model based on at least one of the depth and the tilt angle to generate an updated three-dimensional model of at least a portion of the acetabulum,
compare the updated three-dimensional model of at least a portion of the acetabulum and the three-dimensional model of the acetabulum, and
display indicia on the updated three-dimensional model of at least a portion of the acetabulum based on the comparison.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further programmed to:
compare the tilt angle with a threshold range of angles; and
responsive to the tilt angle lying outside the threshold range of angle, automatically deactivate or reduce a speed of the reamer.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further programmed to:
compare the depth with a threshold depth; and
responsive to the depth exceeding the threshold depth, automatically deactivate or reduce a speed of the reamer.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further programmed to:
receive a size of a reamer head, and
determine a location of the reamer head based on the size of the reamer head and the location of the first tracking element.
5 . The system of claim 4 , further comprising a display device; and
wherein the processor is further programmed to:
generate a three-dimensional model of the reamer head, and
display, on the display device, the three-dimensional model of the reamer head relative to the three-dimensional model of at least a portion of the acetabulum.
6 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a third tracking element configured to interface to the reamer in place of a reamer head; and
wherein the processor is further configured to determine the information associated with the geometry of the reamer based on the location of the first tracking element with respect to a location of the third tracking element.