Fire extinguishing micro-capsule, method for manufacturing same, and fire extinguisher including same
The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing micro-capsule, a method for manufacturing the same, and a fire extinguisher using the same. The fire extinguishing micro-capsule has a core-shell structure in which a core includes a liquid fire extinguishing agent and a shell uses a high-density non-porous polymer material. A decapsulation process of the fire extinguishing micro-capsule occurs in a narrow time and temperature range at a rate of at least 150%/min, and the stability of the agent in water and other solvents is significantly increased. A fire extinguisher including the fire extinguishing micro-capsule has increased lifetime and operational efficiency.
1 . A fire extinguishing micro-capsule having a core-shell structure consists of a core, a shell, a precipitant and/or a coagulant, in which the core is a fire extinguishing agent and the shell is a non-porous polymer,
wherein the precipitant is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium citrate, sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, copper sulfate, and sodium thiocyanate,
the fire extinguishing agent is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorodibromoethane and/or perfluor-2-methyl-3-pentanone, and
the shell consists of one or more resins selected from the group consisting of cross-linked polyvinyl acetate, ethyl vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester resin, epoxy resin, urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, and resorcinol formaldehyde resin.
2 . The fire extinguishing micro-capsule of claim 1 , wherein the coagulant is one or more selected from the group consisting of zinc hydroxide, iron hydroxide, and iron chloride.
3 . The fire extinguishing micro-capsule of claim 1 , wherein the coagulant is one or more selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, zinc hydroxide, iron hydroxide, and iron chloride.
4 . The fire extinguishing micro-capsule of claim 1 , wherein a decapsulation process in which a temperature range in which the weight of the fire extinguishing micro-capsule is reduced from 95% to 15% is within 40° C., and a decapsulation rate exceeds 150%/min.
5 . The fire extinguishing micro-capsule of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the shell is in a range of 200 nm to 5 μm.
6 . The fire extinguishing micro-capsule of claim 1 , wherein, when the fire extinguishing micro-capsule is left at 30° C. for 30 days, a weight loss is 0.5% or less of an initial weight.
7 . The fire extinguishing micro-capsule of claim 1 , wherein, when the fire extinguishing micro-capsule is left at 60° C. for 30 days, a weight loss is 1% or less of an initial weight.
8 . The fire extinguishing micro-capsule of claim 1 , wherein the shell maintain physico-mechanical properties when exposed to water, alcohol, ketone, ether, and mixtures thereof, and a weight loss after drying is 0.5% or less of an initial weight.
9 . A method for manufacturing the fire extinguishing micro-capsule of claim 1 , the method comprising:
(a) preparing a first colloidal solution in which a dispersion phase is a fire extinguishing agent that is a core, and a dispersion solvent is polar or non-polar;
(b) preparing a second colloidal solution in which a dispersion phase is a prepolymer or oligomer that is a shell, and a dispersion solvent is polar or non-polar;
(c) mixing the first colloidal solution and the second colloidal solution prepared in steps (a) and (b) with a precipitant, or a precipitant and a coagulant;
(d) forming a fire extinguishing micro-capsule by precipitating and curing the second colloidal solution at an interface of the first colloidal solution mixed in step (c) to form a core-shell; and
(e) washing and filtering the fire extinguishing micro-capsule formed in step (d), wherein the precipitant in step (c) is one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium iodide, potassium iodide, copper sulfate, and sodium thiocyanate.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the fire extinguishing agent in step (a) is 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorodibromoethane and/or perfluor-2-methyl-3-pentanone.
11 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the shell in step (b) is one or more resins selected from the group consisting of cross-linked polyvinyl acetate, ethyl vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester resin, epoxy resin, urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, and resorcinol formaldehyde resin.
12 . The method of claim 9 , wherein, in step (a), a nonionic material or an ionic surfactant is further included as a stabilizer or an emulsifier.
13 . The method of claim 9 , wherein, in step (a), a polymer material is further included as a stabilizer.
14 . The method of claim 9 , wherein, in step (a), one or more selected from the group consisting of water, ketones, alcohols or aliphatic hydrocarbons are further included as the dispersion phase.
15 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the coagulant in step (c) is one or more selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, zinc hydroxide, iron hydroxide, and iron chloride.
16 . The method of claim 9 , wherein, in step (d), a shell curing accelerator or curing catalyst is further included.
17 . The method of claim 9 , wherein, in step (d), when the second colloidal solution is precipitated and cured at the interface of the first colloidal solution, ultraviolet rays, microwave, infrared rays, or induction heating is applied to cure the shell.
18 . A fire extinguisher in which the fire extinguishing micro-capsule of claim 1 is dispersed in a polymer matrix.
19 . The fire extinguisher of claim 18 , wherein the polymer matrix is one or more resins selected from the group consisting of phenol formaldehyde resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, urea resin, resorcinol formaldehyde resin, polyurethane, polyurea, polyacrylate, or polymethyl methacrylate.
20 . The fire extinguisher of claim 18 , wherein the fire extinguisher includes 0.1-90 wt % of the fire extinguishing micro-capsule.
21 . The fire extinguisher of claim 18 , wherein the fire extinguisher further comprises a decapsulation agent, a decapsulation catalyst, a decapsulation temperature control agent, a diffusion accelerator, a gas permeability enhancer, and a heat conductivity enhancing component.
22 . The fire extinguisher of claim 18 , wherein the fire extinguisher is in a flexible or solid form.
23 . The fire extinguisher of claim 18 , wherein a case including a gas-permeable membrane is formed on one surface of the fire extinguisher.
24 . The fire extinguisher of claim 23 , wherein the case is made of one selected from the group consisting of glass fiber, carbon fiber, stainless steel, aluminum- enhanced phenol-formaldehyde, and epoxy.
25 . The fire extinguisher of claim 23 , wherein the gas-permeable membrane has a cell size of 10-400 μm.