Epoxy-amine adduct
Disclosed herein is an epoxy-amine adduct comprising a reaction product of a heterocyclic amine comprising a reaction product of a polyethylene polyamine having 3 to 10 nitrogen atoms and an aldehyde having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and at least one epoxide having one or more epoxy groups, wherein the heterocyclic amine has at least two nitrogen atoms in at least one ring, and the epoxide is essentially free of polyether modification. A curing agent comprising the epoxy-amine adduct and a method for preparing the epoxy-amine adduct are provided.
1 . An epoxy-amine adduct comprising a reaction product of:
a) a heterocyclic amine comprising a reaction product of a polyethylene polyamine having 3 to 10 nitrogen atoms and an aldehyde having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and
b) at least one epoxide having one or more epoxy groups, wherein the heterocyclic amine has at least two nitrogen atoms in at least one ring, and the epoxide has no alkoxylate repeating units, and wherein the stoichiometric ratio as the ratio of the equivalent number of active amine hydrogens of the heterocyclic polyamine to the equivalent number of epoxy groups of the epoxides is in the range of 3 to 100.
2 . The epoxy-amine adduct according to claim 1 , wherein a stoichiometric ratio is in a range of 4 to 40, wherein the stoichiometric ratio is a ratio of an equivalent number of active amine hydrogens of the heterocyclic polyamine to an equivalent number of epoxy groups in the epoxides.
3 . The epoxy-amine adduct according to claim 1 , wherein the epoxide includes one or more monofunctional epoxides or multifunctional epoxides.
4 . The epoxy-amine adduct according to claim 3 , wherein the epoxide includes one or more monofunctional epoxides selected from the group of o-cresyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, p-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, n-butyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethyl hexyl glycidyl ether, or any alkyl C8 to C14 glycidyl ether.
5 . The epoxy-amine adduct according to claim 3 , wherein the epoxide includes one or more multifunctional epoxides selected from the group of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol E diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, cyclohexane dimethylol diglycidyl ether, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, trimethylol propane triglycidyl ether, or novalac epoxy resin.
6 . The epoxy-amine adduct according to claim 1 , wherein the heterocyclic amine comprises at least one amine represented as formula (I):
wherein X is independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyl group, or a substituted or un-substituted phenyl group, Y 1 is a direct bond or a divalent polyethylene polyamine group having 1 to 8 nitrogen atoms, and R is independently a hydrogen atom or a group selected from C 1 -C 8 alkyl, alkenyl, or alkaryl groups.
7 . The epoxy-amine adduct according to claim 1 , wherein the heterocyclic amine comprises at least one amine represented as formula (II):
wherein X is independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyl group, or a substituted or un-substituted phenyl group, wherein, Y2 is a direct bond or a divalent polyethylene polyamine group having 1 to 7 nitrogen atoms, and R is independently a hydrogen atom or a group selected from C 1 -C 8 alkyl, alkenyl, or alkaryl groups.
8 . The epoxy-amine adduct according to claim 1 , wherein the heterocyclic amine comprises:
a) at least one amine represented as formula (III):
wherein X is independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyl group, or a substituted or un-substituted phenyl group, Y 1 is a direct bond or a divalent polyethylene polyamine group having 1 to 8 nitrogen atoms, and R is independently a hydrogen atom or a group selected from C 1 -C 8 alkyl, alkenyl, or alkaryl groups; and b) at least one amine represented as formula (IV)
wherein X is independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyl group, or a substituted or un-substituted phenyl group, wherein, Y2 is a direct bond or a divalent polyethylene polyamine group having 1 to 7 nitrogen atoms, and R is independently a hydrogen atom or a group selected from C 1 -C 8 alkyl, alkenyl, or alkaryl groups.
9 . A curing agent comprising the epoxy-amine adduct according to claim 1 and a plasticizer.
10 . The curing agent according to claim 9 , further comprising one or more additives, wherein the one or more additives constitute a proportion of not greater than 30 wt. % with respect to a total weight of the curing composition.
11 . The curing agent according to claim 9 , further comprising one or more catalysts.
12 . The curing agent according to claim 9 , wherein the plasticizer comprises one or more selected from benzyl alcohol, n-butanol, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, nonyl phenol, dodecyl phenol, cardanol, or an ester of phthalic acid.
13 . The curing agent according to claim 10 , wherein the one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of fillers, reinforcing agents, coupling agents, toughening agents, defoamers, dispersants, lubricants, colorants, marking materials, dyes, pigments, IR absorbers, antistats, anti-blocking agents, nucleating agents, crystallization accelerators, crystallization delayers, conductivity additives, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, desiccants, de-molding agents, levelling auxiliaries, flame retardants, separating agents, optical lighteners, rheology additives, photochromic additives, softeners, adhesion promoters, anti-dripping agents, metallic pigments, stabilizers, metal glitters, metal coated particles, porosity inducers, glass fibers, nanoparticles, or flow assistants.
14 . A method for preparing an epoxy-amine adduct according to claim 1 , comprising:
heating
a) a heterocyclic amine comprising a reaction product of a polyethylene polyamine having 3 to 10 nitrogen atoms and an aldehyde having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and
b) at least one epoxide having one or more epoxy groups, to a temperature of 120° C. to 280° C. for 0.5 to 10 hours; and
wherein the heterocyclic amine has at least two nitrogen atoms in at least one ring, and the epoxide has no alkoxylate repeating units, and wherein the stoichiometric ratio as the ratio of the equivalent number of active amine hydrogens of the heterocyclic polyamine to the equivalent number of epoxy groups of the epoxides is in the range of 3 to 100.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein a stoichiometric ratio of the epoxy resin to the heterocyclic amine is within a mole ratio of 4 to 40.
16 . The epoxy-amine adduct according to claim 1 , wherein a stoichiometric ratio is in a range of 5 to 15, wherein the stoichiometric ratio is a ratio of an equivalent number of active amine hydrogens of the heterocyclic polyamine to an equivalent number of epoxy groups in the epoxides.