Transparent conductive oxide particles and methods related thereto
Examples are directed a plurality of particles comprising transparent conductive oxide particles. Example transparent conductive oxide particles have a median diameter of about 200 nanometer (nm) to about 500 nm in the particle size distribution, and a plasma wavelength of about less than 2000 nm. Additionally, the transparent conductive oxide particles may comprise a primary component and about 2 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of a secondary component. Also disclosed are methods of producing a plurality of particles comprising transparent conductive oxide particles and compositions comprising a plurality of particles comprising transparent conductive oxide particles and a binder.
1 . A plurality of particles comprising:
transparent conductive oxide particles, wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles have:
a median diameter of about 200 nanometers (nm) to about 500 nm in the particle size distribution; and
a plasma wavelength of about less than 2000 nm, and
wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles comprise:
a primary component; and
about 2 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of a secondary component, and
wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles have a refractive index of about 1.3 to about 2.2.
2 . The plurality of particles of claim 1 , wherein:
the primary component comprises indium or zinc; and
the secondary component comprises tin, aluminum, gallium, antimony, or fluorine.
3 . The plurality of particles of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles are selected from:
indium tin oxide particles, antimony tin oxide particles, fluorine tin oxide particles, aluminum zinc oxide particles, gallium zinc oxide particles, indium zinc oxide particles, and a combination thereof.
4 . The plurality of particles of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles are reflective in the infrared wavelength range and exhibit dielectric properties in the visible wavelength range.
5 . The plurality of particles of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles have a plasma wavelength of about 1500 nm to about 1550 nm.
6 . A method of producing a plurality of particles comprising transparent conductive oxide particles, the method comprising:
reacting base transparent conductive oxide particles with a reducing gas to produce reductively tailored transparent conductive oxide particles; and
annealing the reductively tailored transparent conductive oxide particles in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of about 700 degrees Celsius (C) to about 1300° C. to produce the plurality of particles comprising transparent conductive oxide particles, wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles have:
a median diameter of about 200 nanometers (nm) to about 500 nm in the particle size distribution;
a plasma wavelength of about less than 2000 nm; and
a refractive index of about 1.3 to about 2.2; and
wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles comprise:
a primary component; and
about 2 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of a secondary component.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles are formed from a metal oxide including the primary component.
8 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the reducing gas comprises carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrazine, H 2 , or a combination thereof.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the reducing gas further comprises an inert gas selected from nitrogen, argon, helium, xenon, krypton, and a combination thereof.
10 . The method of claim 6 , wherein reacting the base transparent conductive oxide particles with the reducing gas comprises removing oxygen using the reducing gas for about 20 minutes to about 3 hours.
11 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the base transparent conductive oxide particles are selected from:
indium tin oxide particles, antimony tin oxide particles, fluorine tin oxide particles, aluminum zinc oxide particles, gallium zinc oxide particles, indium zinc oxide particles, and a combination thereof.
12 . The method of claim 6 , wherein annealing the reductively tailored transparent conductive oxide particles comprises increasing from about room temperature to the temperature of about 700° C. to about 1300° C. and over a time period of about two hours to about five hours.
13 . The method of claim 6 , wherein annealing the reductively tailored transparent conductive oxide particles comprises holding at the temperature for about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours.
14 . The method of claim 6 , comprising annealing the transparent conductive oxide particles at the temperature of about 850° C. to about 1250° C.
15 . A composition comprising:
a plurality of transparent conductive oxide particles, wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles have:
a mean diameter of about 200 nanometers (nm) to 500 nm in the particle size distribution; and
a plasma wavelength of about less than 2000 nm,
wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles comprise:
a primary component; and
about 2 weight percent to about 20 weight percent of a secondary component,
wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles have a refractive index of about 1.3 to about 2.2; and
a binder.
16 . The composition of claim 15 , wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles are reflective in the infrared wavelength range and exhibit dielectric properties in the visible wavelength range.
17 . The composition of claim 15 , wherein the transparent conductive oxide particles and the binder have about the same refractive index.
18 . The composition of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of transparent conductive oxide particles comprise about 0.1 volume percent to 1.0 volume percent of a total composition volume.