Carbon dioxide energy storage system and control method thereof

1 . A carbon dioxide energy storage system, comprising: a gas storage unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit and an energy release component sequentially closed-loop connected; wherein the carbon dioxide energy storage system further comprises a gas temporary storage unit connected between the energy storage component and the energy release component; the gas temporary storage unit comprises a gas storage container, a first connection pipeline and a second connection pipeline; the energy storage component comprises a compressor and an energy storage heat exchanger; the energy storage heat exchanger is connected to an outlet of the compressor through an energy storage pipeline; the energy release component comprises a turbine and an energy release heat exchanger; the energy release heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of the turbine through an energy release pipeline; an inlet of the gas storage container is connected to the energy storage pipeline through the first connection pipeline; an outlet of the gas storage container is connected to the energy release pipeline through the second connection pipeline; a first valve is arranged on the first connection pipeline, and a second valve is arranged on the second connection pipeline;

wherein the energy release pipeline comprises a first inlet, a second inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet; an outlet of the energy release heat exchanger is connected to the first inlet of the energy release pipeline through a third valve; the inlet of the turbine is connected to the first outlet of the energy release pipeline through a fourth valve; the second connection pipeline is connected to the second inlet of the energy release pipe; the second outlet of the energy release pipeline is connected between the energy storage component and the liquid storage unit through a third connection pipeline; and the third connection pipeline is equipped with a fifth valve; and

wherein the gas temporary storage unit is configured as follows:

within a first time period after the energy storage component begins operation and within a second time period before the energy storage component stops operation, the gas temporary storage unit is configured to receive and store high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component to obtain stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas; and

before the energy release component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit is configured to input the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, and replace low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline in the energy release component with the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas.

2 . The carbon dioxide energy storage system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first inlet and the second outlet are arranged adjacent to each other at a first end of the energy release pipeline, and the first outlet and the second inlet are arranged adjacent to each other at a second end of the energy release pipeline.

3 . A control method of the carbon dioxide energy storage system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the control method comprises:

controlling, within the first time period after the energy storage component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component;

controlling, after the first time period, the gas temporary storage unit to stop receiving the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component, thereby transporting the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas to the liquid storage unit;

controlling, within the second time period before the energy storage component stops operation, the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component until the energy storage component stops operation;

controlling, before the energy release component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit to input the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, and replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline in the energy release component by the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas; and

evaporating and gasifying liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit to obtain gaseous carbon dioxide, inputting the gaseous carbon dioxide to the energy release component, and controlling the energy release component to start operation.

4 . The carbon dioxide energy storage system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a condenser is arranged on a connection pipeline between the energy storage component and the liquid storage unit, and the second outlet of the energy release pipeline is connected to the condenser through the third connection pipeline; the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas replaced from the energy release pipeline is output to the liquid storage unit after condensation and liquefaction through the condenser.

5 . A control method of the carbon dioxide energy storage system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the control method comprises:

controlling, within the first time period after the energy storage component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component;

controlling, after the first time period, the gas temporary storage unit to stop receiving the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component, thereby transporting the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas to the liquid storage unit;

controlling, within the second time period before the energy storage component stops operation, the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component until the energy storage component stops operation;

controlling, before the energy release component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit to input the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, and replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline in the energy release component by the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas; and

evaporating and gasifying liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit to obtain gaseous carbon dioxide, inputting the gaseous carbon dioxide to the energy release component, and controlling the energy release component to start operation.

6 . The carbon dioxide energy storage system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the energy release pipeline is connected to a gas temperature sensor at a position adjacent to the first outlet.

7 . A control method of the carbon dioxide energy storage system as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the control method comprises:

controlling, within the first time period after the energy storage component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component;

controlling, after the first time period, the gas temporary storage unit to stop receiving the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component, thereby transporting the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas to the liquid storage unit;

controlling, within the second time period before the energy storage component stops operation, the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component until the energy storage component stops operation;

controlling, before the energy release component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit to input the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, and replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline in the energy release component by the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas; and

evaporating and gasifying liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit to obtain gaseous carbon dioxide, inputting the gaseous carbon dioxide to the energy release component, and controlling the energy release component to start operation.

8 . The carbon dioxide energy storage system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a connection pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component is successively provided with a liquid pump and an evaporator.

9 . A control method of the carbon dioxide energy storage system as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the control method comprises:

controlling, within the first time period after the energy storage component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component;

controlling, after the first time period, the gas temporary storage unit to stop receiving the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component, thereby transporting the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas to the liquid storage unit;

controlling, within the second time period before the energy storage component stops operation, the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component until the energy storage component stops operation;

controlling, before the energy release component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit to input the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, and replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline in the energy release component by the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas; and

evaporating and gasifying liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit to obtain gaseous carbon dioxide, inputting the gaseous carbon dioxide to the energy release component, and controlling the energy release component to start operation.

10 . A control method of the carbon dioxide energy storage system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control method comprises:

controlling, within the first time period after the energy storage component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component;

controlling, after the first time period, the gas temporary storage unit to stop receiving the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component, thereby transporting the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas to the liquid storage unit;

controlling, within the second time period before the energy storage component stops operation, the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component until the energy storage component stops operation;

controlling, before the energy release component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit to input the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, and replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline in the energy release component by the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas; and

evaporating and gasifying liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit to obtain gaseous carbon dioxide, inputting the gaseous carbon dioxide to the energy release component, and controlling the energy release component to start operation.