Accumulator for prevention of hydraulic pump cavitation
To prevent cavitation damage to a hydraulic fluid pump, a low pressure accumulator is fluidly connected to the suction line of an engine-driven hydraulic pump to boost suction line pressures during instantaneous demands for higher pump flows. The accumulator acts as a localized reservoir for the engine-driven pump to avoid deleterious pressure drops which give rise to pump cavitation. In one disclosed architectural arrangement, the accumulator is directly coupled to the suction line of an aircraft engine-driven hydraulic pump to supply hydraulic fluid upon demand, with both the pump and accumulator contained within an engine nacelle of an aircraft. The low pressure accumulator operates fully independently of a remote main aircraft accumulator, and while the main accumulator operates at thousands of psi, and requires periodic service, the low pressure accumulator operates at less than 30 psi, and is formed of a maintenance-free construction.
1 . A hydraulic fluid subsystem for use with a nacelle of an aircraft, the subsystem comprising:
a pump driven by an engine of the nacelle,
a suction line connected to the pump, and
an accumulator in direct fluid communication with the suction line, the accumulator positioned on the nacelle and operable to supply hydraulic fluid into the suction line in response to pressure drops in the suction line, the accumulator supplied by a fluid reservoir that is upstream of the accumulator and external to the nacelle, wherein the accumulator includes a spring-loaded bellows that vents to atmosphere.
2 . The hydraulic fluid subsystem of claim 1 , wherein the pump driven by the engine comprises an inlet boost impeller and a variable piston pump.
3 . The hydraulic fluid subsystem of claim 2 , wherein the inlet boost impeller is positioned immediately downstream of the accumulator.
4 . The hydraulic fluid subsystem of claim 2 , wherein the variable piston pump is positioned downstream of the inlet boost impeller.
5 . The hydraulic fluid subsystem of claim 1 , wherein the accumulator comprises the spring-loaded bellows is metal.
6 . The hydraulic fluid subsystem of claim 1 , wherein the accumulator stores pressurized volumes of the hydraulic fluid during steady state operation of the pump.
7 . The hydraulic fluid subsystem of claim 6 , wherein the accumulator releases the pressurized volumes of the hydraulic fluid during transient drops in pressure in the suction line.
8 . The hydraulic fluid subsystem of claim 1 , wherein the bellows is hermetically sealed.
9 . The hydraulic fluid subsystem of claim 1 , wherein the bellows includes an elastomeric seal or a bladder.
10 . The hydraulic fluid subsystem of claim 1 , wherein the accumulator is sealed containing vacuum pressure.
11 . An architectural arrangement for a hydraulic fluid subsystem, the architectural arrangement comprising:
a nacelle supporting an engine, a pump driven by the engine, a suction line connected to the pump, and an accumulator in direct fluid communication with the suction line, the accumulator supplied by a fluid reservoir that is upstream of the accumulator and external to the nacelle; and
wherein the accumulator is operable to prevent pump cavitation by rapidly supplying pressurized hydraulic fluid into the suction line in response to instantaneous pressure drops in the suction line, wherein the accumulator includes a spring-loaded bellows that vents to atmosphere.
12 . The architectural arrangement of claim 11 , wherein the pump comprises an inlet boost impeller and a variable piston pump.
13 . The architectural arrangement of claim 12 , wherein the inlet boost impeller is positioned immediately downstream of the accumulator.
14 . The architectural arrangement of claim 12 , wherein the variable piston pump is positioned downstream of the inlet boost impeller.
15 . The architectural arrangement of claim 11 , wherein the bellows that vents to atmosphere includes metal.
16 . The architectural arrangement of claim 11 , wherein the accumulator stores pressurized volumes of the hydraulic fluid during steady state operation of the pump, and releases the stored pressurized volumes during transient drops in pressure of the suction line.
17 . The architectural arrangement of claim 11 , wherein the accumulator is sealed containing vacuum pressure.
18 . A method of applying a hydraulic accumulator to a pump suction line to prevent cavitation in a pump when the pump is located remotely from a hydraulic fluid reservoir; the method comprising:
a) installing the accumulator proximal to the pump;
b) establishing a fluid connection between the accumulator and the pump suction line;
c) placing each of the hydraulic accumulator, the pump suction line, and the pump within a nacelle of an engine;
d) confirming that hydraulic fluid is fed to the accumulator from the hydraulic fluid reservoir; and
e) confirming that upon transient pressure drops in the pump suction line, pressurized volumes of the hydraulic fluid are rapidly released from the accumulator into the pump suction line.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the accumulator stores and maintains the pressurized volumes of the hydraulic fluid during steady state operation of the pump.
20 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the accumulator comprises a spring-loaded metal bellows that vents to atmosphere.
21 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the pump is an engine driven pump positioned immediately downstream of the accumulator.
22 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the pump is an aircraft engine driven pump.
23 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the accumulator is sealed containing vacuum pressure.