Optical measurement device and optical measurement method

1 . An optical measurement device comprising:

a measurement light pulse source configured to output a plurality of measurement light pulses having different temporal waveforms and different center wavelengths;

a spectroscopic element or a spectroscope configured to spatially separate the plurality of measurement light pulses for each center wavelength and cause the plurality of measurement light pulses to be incident on a measurement object;

a wave synthesizer unit configured to synthesize the plurality of measurement light pulses reflected by the measurement object or transmitted through the measurement object and emit the plurality of measurement light pulses onto one optical path;

an optical detection unit configured to receive the plurality of measurement light pulses emitted from the wave synthesizer unit and output a temporal waveform signal of the plurality of measurement light pulses; and

a measurement unit configured to measure timings when the plurality of measurement light pulses each are received by the optical detection unit or a difference between the timings on a basis of the temporal waveform signal,

wherein the measurement light pulse source includes:

a first pulsed laser light source configured to output a wideband light pulse having a plurality of wavelength components; and

a pulse forming unit configured to form the plurality of measurement light pulses from the wideband light pulse,

wherein the pulse forming unit includes:

a spectroscopic element configured to spatially separate the plurality of wavelength components included in the wideband light pulse for each wavelength;

a spatial light modulator configured to modulate at least one of a phase and an intensity of each of the plurality of wavelength components spatially separated for each wavelength so that a plurality of light pulses having different temporal waveforms and center wavelengths are formed when the plurality of wavelength components are synthesized; and

a synthesizing optical system configured to synthesize the plurality of wavelength components, the at least one of the phase and the intensity of the wavelength components having been modulated, and output the plurality of wavelength components as the plurality of measurement light pulses.

2 . The optical measurement device according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of measurement light pulses before being incident on the measurement object have a time interval and form a measurement light pulse train.

3 . The optical measurement device according to claim 1 ,

wherein the optical detection unit includes

a correlation optical system configured to receive the plurality of measurement light pulses emitted from the wave synthesizer unit and a reference light pulse and output correlated light including a cross-correlation between the plurality of measurement light pulses and the reference light pulse; and

an optical detector configured to receive the correlated light and output a correlated signal,

wherein the correlation optical system outputs the correlated light by superimposing the plurality of measurement light pulses on the reference light pulse while changing an amount of time delay of the reference light pulse with respect to the plurality of measurement light pulses, and

the optical detection unit generates and outputs the temporal waveform signal from the correlated signal obtained for each amount of time delay.

4 . The optical measurement device according to claim 3 ,

wherein the correlation optical system includes

a beam splitter configured to split a part of the wideband light pulse output by the first pulsed laser light source from the wideband light pulse to obtain the reference light pulse;

a moving reflective mirror configured to change an amount of time delay of the reference light pulse; and

an optical element configured to superimpose the plurality of measurement light pulses on the reference light pulse to generate the correlated light.

5 . The optical measurement device according to claim 4 , wherein the optical element includes a nonlinear optical crystal.

6 . The optical measurement device according to claim 3 , wherein the first pulsed laser light source is an optical frequency comb light source.

7 . The optical measurement device according to claim 6 ,

wherein the optical detection unit includes

a correlation optical system configured to receive the plurality of measurement light pulses emitted from the wave synthesizer unit and a reference light pulse and output correlated light including a cross-correlation between the plurality of measurement light pulses and the reference light pulse; and

an optical detector configured to receive the correlated light and output a correlated signal,

wherein the correlation optical system includes a second pulsed laser light source configured to output the reference light pulse, and

the second pulsed laser light source is an optical frequency comb light source of which a phase is synchronized with the first pulsed laser light source and a period in which light pulses are output differs from that of the first pulsed laser light source.

8 . An optical measurement device comprising:

a measurement light pulse source configured to output a plurality of measurement light pulses having different temporal waveforms and different center wavelengths;

a spectroscopic element or a spectroscope configured to spatially separate the plurality of measurement light pulses for each center wavelength and cause the plurality of measurement light pulses to be incident on a measurement object;

a wave synthesizer unit configured to synthesize the plurality of measurement light pulses reflected by the measurement object or transmitted through the measurement object and emit the plurality of measurement light pulses onto one optical path;

an optical detection unit configured to receive the plurality of measurement light pulses emitted from the wave synthesizer unit and output a temporal waveform signal of the plurality of measurement light pulses; and

a measurement unit configured to measure timings when the plurality of measurement light pulses each are received by the optical detection unit or a difference between the timings on a basis of the temporal waveform signal,

wherein the measurement light pulse source includes:

a first pulsed laser light source configured to output a wideband light pulse having a plurality of wavelength components; and

a pulse forming unit configured to form the plurality of measurement light pulses from the wideband light pulse,

wherein the pulse forming unit includes:

a first array waveguide diffraction grating configured to spatially separate a plurality of wavelength components included in the wideband light pulse for each wavelength;

a plurality of optical fibers each configured to transmit the plurality of wavelength components spatially separated for each wavelength; and

a second array waveguide diffraction grating configured to synthesize the plurality of wavelength components transmitted by the plurality of optical fibers and output the plurality of wavelength components as the plurality of measurement light pulses, and

wherein the plurality of optical fibers differ from each other in a refractive index.

9 . The optical measurement device according to claim 8 ,

wherein the first pulsed laser light source includes

a continuous wave laser light source configured to output continuous wave laser light; and

a micro ring resonator configured to receive the continuous wave laser light, convert the continuous wave laser light into the wideband light pulse, and output the wideband light pulse.

10 . The optical measurement device according to claim 9 , wherein the optical detection unit includes a micro ring resonator configured to receive the plurality of measurement light pulses and output correlated light including autocorrelation.

11 . The optical measurement device according to claim 1 , wherein the optical detection unit includes a photodiode or a photomultiplier tube.

12 . The optical measurement device according to claim 1 ,

wherein the measurement unit includes

a Fourier analysis unit configured to perform Fourier analysis on the temporal waveform signal; and

a calculation unit configured to measure timings when the plurality of measurement light pulses each are received by the optical detection unit or a difference between the timings on a basis of a result of the Fourier analysis on the temporal waveform signal.

13 . The optical measurement device according to claim 1 , wherein the spectroscopic element or the spectroscope includes a diffraction grating.

14 . The optical measurement device according to claim 1 , wherein the wave synthesizer unit includes a diffraction grating.

15 . The optical measurement device according to claim 1 ,

wherein the wave synthesizer unit synthesizes the plurality of measurement light pulses reflected by the measurement object and emits the plurality of measurement light pulses onto one optical path, and

wherein the wave synthesizer unit also serves as the spectroscopic element or the spectroscope.

16 . The optical measurement device according to claim 1 , wherein the spectroscopic element or the spectroscope spatially separates the plurality of measurement light pulses from each other in two directions.

17 . The optical measurement device according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement unit calculates at least one of a distance to the measurement object, a thickness of the measurement object, a thickness and refractive index of a film formed on a surface of the measurement object, and a surface roughness of the measurement object on a basis of the timings or the difference.

18 . An optical measurement method comprising steps of:

outputting a plurality of measurement light pulses having different temporal waveforms and different center wavelengths;

spatially separating the plurality of measurement light pulses for each center wavelength and causing the plurality of measurement light pulses to be incident on a measurement object;

synthesizing the plurality of measurement light pulses reflected by the measurement object or transmitted through the measurement object and emitting the plurality of measurement light pulses onto one optical path;

receiving the plurality of measurement light pulses emitted onto one optical path, and outputting a temporal waveform signal of the plurality of measurement light pulses; and

measuring timings when the plurality of measurement light pulses each are received or a difference between the timings on a basis of the temporal waveform signal,

wherein the outputting includes:

outputting a wideband light pulse having a plurality of wavelength components; and

forming the plurality of measurement light pulses from the wideband light pulse, and

wherein the forming includes:

spatially separating the plurality of wavelength components included in the wideband light pulse for each wavelength;

modulating at least one of a phase and an intensity of each of the plurality of wavelength components spatially separated for each wavelength so that a plurality of light pulses having different temporal waveforms and center wavelengths are formed when the plurality of wavelength components are synthesized; and

synthesizing the plurality of wavelength components, the at least one of the phase and the intensity of the wavelength components having been modulated, and outputting the plurality of wavelength components as the plurality of measurement light pulses.

19 . An optical measurement method comprising steps of:

outputting a plurality of measurement light pulses having different temporal waveforms and different center wavelengths;

spatially separating the plurality of measurement light pulses for each center wavelength and causing the plurality of measurement light pulses to be incident on a measurement object;

synthesizing the plurality of measurement light pulses reflected by the measurement object or transmitted through the measurement object and emitting the plurality of measurement light pulses onto one optical path;

receiving the plurality of measurement light pulses emitted onto one optical path, and outputting a temporal waveform signal of the plurality of measurement light pulses; and

measuring timings when the plurality of measurement light pulses each are received or a difference between the timings on a basis of the temporal waveform signal,

wherein the outputting includes:

outputting a wideband light pulse having a plurality of wavelength components; and

forming the plurality of measurement light pulses from the wideband light pulse,

wherein the forming includes:

spatially separating a plurality of wavelength components included in the wideband light pulse for each wavelength;

transmitting the plurality of wavelength components spatially separated for each wavelength using a plurality of optical fibers; and

synthesizing the plurality of wavelength components transmitted by the plurality of optical fibers and outputting the plurality of wavelength components as the plurality of measurement light pulses, and

wherein the plurality of optical fibers differ from each other in a refractive index.