Process cartridge
A process cartridge includes a toner and a developing roller. In the toner, a cohesion cluster containing fine silica particles and a binder component is present on surfaces of toner particles. Ratios of toner particles having the cohesion cluster before and after treatments with ultrasonic waves under specific conditions in terms of number % are within predetermined ranges. The developing roller has an Asker C hardness of 56 degrees or more and 75 degrees or less.
1 . A process cartridge detachably attachable to an electrophotographic apparatus main body, the process cartridge comprising:
a toner; and
a developing roller, wherein
(I) the toner includes toner particles, and a cohesion cluster containing fine silica particles and a binder component is present on surfaces of the toner particles,
an arithmetic mean value Ag of a Feret diameter of the cohesion cluster is 500 nm or more and 8,000 nm or less,
when a number percentage of toner particles having the cohesion cluster is represented by CI (number %), CI is 1 number % or more and 15 number % or less, and
when a number percentage of toner particles having the cohesion cluster in the toner after being treated under an ultrasonic wave condition A is represented by Ca (number %), and a number percentage of toner particles having the cohesion cluster in the toner after being treated under an ultrasonic wave condition B is represented by Cb (number %), CI, Ca, and Cb satisfy formulae (1) and (2),
ultrasonic wave condition A: output frequency 30 kHz, output capacity 0.75 W, and irradiation time 300 s
ultrasonic wave condition B: output frequency 30 kHz, output capacity 30 W, and irradiation time 300 s
0.9
≤
Ca
/
CI
≤
1.
Formula
(
1
)
0.05
≤
Cb
/
CI
≤
0.25
,
Formula
(
2
)
and
(II) the developing roller includes a conductive shaft member and at least one elastic layer on the conductive shaft member, and the developing roller has an Asker C hardness of 56 degrees or more and 75 degrees or less.
2 . The process cartridge according to claim 1 , wherein the developing roller includes a conductive shaft member and an elastic layer on the conductive shaft member and further includes a surface layer covering a surface of the elastic layer.
3 . The process cartridge according to claim 2 , wherein the elastic layer contains a urethane resin or a silicone rubber.
4 . The process cartridge according to claim 2 , wherein the surface layer contains a urethane resin.
5 . The process cartridge according to claim 1 , wherein the toner contains a layer composite compound as an external additive.