Supercapacitor battery with polyacrylic acid hydrogel electrolyte
A flexible energy storage device with a redox-active polymer hydrogel electrolyte is provided. The flexible energy storage device can include a pair of electrodes separated by the redox-active polymer hydrogel electrolyte. The redox-active polymer hydrogel electrolyte can include a polymer hydrogel, charge balancing anions and redox-active transition metal cations at least one selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, and copper. The flexible energy storage device may retain greater than 75% of an unbent specific capacitance when bent at an angle of 10° to 170°.
1 . A cyclically chargeable flexible supercapacitor battery, comprising:
a flexible electrode cell assembly comprising:
a pair of electrodes, including a metal foil current collector and a carbon composite electrode, separated by a redox-active polyacrylic acid hydrogel electrolyte, the redox-active polyacrylic acid hydrogel electrolyte comprising:
a polyacrylic acid hydrogel, wherein polyacrylic acid is present in the polyacrylic acid hydrogel in an amount of 10 to 50 wt. %, based on a total weight of polyacrylic acid hydrogel,
redox-active transition metal cations which are at least one selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, and copper, and
charge balancing anions;
wherein the flexible electrode cell assembly retains greater than 75% of an unbent energy storage capacity when bent at an angle of 10 to 170°,
wherein the flexible electrode cell assembly has a specific capacitance of 300 to 380 F/g.
2 . The cyclically chargeable flexible supercapacitor battery of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active transition metal cations are cobalt (II) ions.
3 . The cyclically chargeable flexible supercapacitor battery of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active transition metal ions are present in an amount of 0.1 to 15 wt. %, based on a total weight of the redox-active polyacrylic acid hydrogel electrolyte.
4 . The cyclically chargeable flexible supercapacitor battery of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active polyacrylic acid hydrogel electrolyte is substantially free of iron.
5 . The cyclically chargeable flexible supercapacitor battery of claim 1 , wherein the charge balancing anions are selected from the group consisting of hydroxide anions, halide anions, sulfate anions, nitrate anions, perchlorate anions, tetrafluoroborate anions, difluoro(oxalato)borate anions, hexafluorophosphate anions, and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions.
6 . The cyclically chargeable flexible supercapacitor battery of claim 1 , wherein the charge balancing anions are sulfate anions.
7 . The cyclically chargeable flexible supercapacitor battery of claim 1 , wherein the charge balancing anions are present in an amount of 0.1 to 15 wt. %, based on a total weight of redox-active polyacrylic acid hydrogel electrolyte.
8 . The cyclically chargeable flexible supercapacitor battery of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active polyacrylic acid hydrogel electrolyte has an ionic conductivity of 1.00×10 −5 to 1.00×10 −3 Scm −1 .