Windmill brake for an auxiliary power unit
A power generation system for an aircraft. The system includes an auxiliary power unit (APU), an APU generator mechanically linked to the APU, a generator control unit controllably coupled to the APU and an electromagnetic windmilling brake connected to APU generator. The electromagnetic windmilling brake includes a number of switched phase connections equal to a number of phases and the switched phase connections are configured to connect each output phase to an adjacent phase.
1 . A power generation system for an aircraft comprising:
an auxiliary power unit (APU);
an APU generator mechanically linked to the APU;
a generator control unit coupled to the APU and configured to the control the APU generator; and
an electromagnetic windmilling brake connected to the APU generator, wherein the electromagnetic windmilling brake includes a number of switched phase connections equal to a number of phases and wherein the switched phase connections are configured to connect each output phase to an adjacent phase of the APU generator when the electromagnetic windmilling brake is engaged;
wherein each switched phase connection comprises a controllable switch and further comprises a resistor in series with the controlled switch.
2 . The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein a braking torque of the electromagnetic windmilling brake is dependent on the resistance of each resistor.
3 . The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the generator control unit includes a memory storing instructions for causing the controller to respond to the APU transitioning from an on state to an off state by engaging the electromagnetic windmilling brake.
4 . The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic windmilling brake is self-powered.
5 . The power generation system of claim 4 , wherein each switch in the electromagnetic windmilling brake is a normally closed switch and wherein power generated by rotation of the APU opens the normally closed switch.
6 . The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic windmilling brake is a component of the APU generator.
7 . The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic windmilling brake is disposed remote from the APU generator.
8 . The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic windmilling brake is disposed electrically between an output of the APU generator and a rectifier.
9 . The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the APU generator includes a permanent magnet generator (PMG) that includes a PMG rotor.
10 . The power generation system of claim 9 , wherein the APU generator does not include a PMG rotor position sensor.
11 . A power generation system for an aircraft comprising:
an auxiliary power unit (APU);
an APU generator mechanically linked to the APU;
a generator control unit coupled to the APU and configured to the control the APU generator; and
an electromagnetic windmilling brake connected to the APU generator, wherein the electromagnetic windmilling brake includes a number of switched phase connections equal to a number of phases and wherein the switched phase connections are configured to connect each output phase to an adjacent phase of the APU generator when the electromagnetic windmilling brake is engaged;
wherein the APU generator includes a permanent magnet generator (PMG) that includes a PMG rotor;
wherein the generator control unit is configured to apply a braking torque with the electromagnetic windmilling brake until the PMG rotor spins faster than a threshold.
12 . A method for preventing windmilling in an auxiliary power unit (APU) that is operatively connected to an APU generator, the method comprising:
responding to transitioning the APU from off to on by connecting each output phase of APU generator to an adjacent phase of the APU generator using a switched connection;
wherein connecting the output phases of the APU generator comprises actively closing a plurality of switches thereby creating an electrical pathway between the output phases,
wherein connecting the output phases of the APU generator comprises actively closing a plurality of switches thereby creating an electrical pathway between the output phases;
wherein each electrical pathway includes a resistor in series with a corresponding switch in the plurality of switches.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein connecting each output phase of the APU generator to each other output phase of the APU generator comprises removing power from a plurality of normally closed switches thereby creating an electrical pathway from each output phase to each other output phase,
wherein a braking torque of the electromagnetic windmilling brake is dependent on the resistance of each resistor.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the electromagnetic windmilling brake is self-powered.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein each switch in the electromagnetic windmilling brake is a normally closed switch and wherein power generated by rotation of the APU opens the normally closed switch.
16 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the electromagnetic windmilling brake is a component of the APU generator.
17 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the electromagnetic windmilling brake is disposed remote from the APU generator.
18 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the electromagnetic windmilling brake is disposed electrically between an output of the APU generator and a rectifier.
19 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the APU generator includes a permanent magnet generator (PMG) that includes a PMG rotor.
20 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the APU generator does not include a PMG rotor position sensor.