Inductive coupled muti-stage power converter
A power supply includes a first power converter stage and a second power converter stage. The first power converter stage includes a first transformer winding; the second power converter stage includes a second transformer winding. The first power converter stage converts an input voltage into an intermediate voltage. The second power converter stage converts the intermediate voltage into first current contributing to generation of the output voltage. A circuit path in the power supply provides coupling of the first transformer winding in the first power converter to the second winding in the second power converter stage. Series connectivity of the first winding and the second winding provided by the circuit path creates a trans-inductance path between the first power converter stage and the second power converter stage.
1 . An apparatus comprising:
a first power converter stage operative to convert an input voltage into an intermediate voltage, the first power converter stage including a first transformer winding;
a second power converter stage operative to receive the intermediate voltage and produce an output voltage to power a load, the second power converter stage including a second transformer winding;
a circuit path coupling the first transformer winding in the first power converter stage to the second transformer winding in the second power converter stage; and
wherein the circuit path is operative to convey a first current from the second transformer winding in the second power converter stage to the first transformer winding in the first power converter stage.
2 . The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the circuit path directly connects the first transformer winding and the second transformer winding in series.
3 . The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the first transformer winding is a secondary winding of a first transformer disposed in the first power converter stage, the secondary winding of the first transformer being magnetically coupled to a primary winding of the first transformer, the primary winding of the first transformer operative to produce the intermediate voltage; and
wherein the second transformer winding is a secondary winding of a second transformer disposed in the second power converter stage, the secondary winding of the second transformer being magnetically coupled to a primary winding of the second transformer, the primary winding of the second transformer operative to produce the output voltage.
4 . The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein a magnitude of the first current varies depending on a variation of a magnitude of output current supplied by the output voltage to the load.
5 . The apparatus as in claim 4 , wherein the magnitude of the first current conveyed by the circuit path at least in part controls generation of the intermediate voltage by the first power converter stage.
6 . The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the second power converter stage includes a first sub-stage and a second sub-stage connected in parallel to receive the intermediate voltage and convert the intermediate voltage into the output voltage, the second sub-stage including the second transformer winding, the apparatus further comprising:
a controller operative to adjust apportionment of first power supplied by the first sub-stage and second power supplied by the second sub-stage to produce the output voltage depending on variations in a magnitude of output current supplied by the output voltage to power a load.
7 . The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the input voltage is a first input voltage;
wherein the second power converter stage includes a first sub-stage operative to receive the intermediate voltage and convert the intermediate voltage into the output voltage; and
wherein the second power converter stage includes a second sub-stage operative to receive a second input voltage and convert the second input voltage into the output voltage, the second input voltage being independent of the first input voltage; and
wherein the second input voltage is greater in magnitude than the first input voltage.
8 . The apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising:
a third transformer winding disposed in series with the first transformer winding;
a fourth transformer winding disposed in series with the second transformer winding; and
wherein the circuit path provides series connectivity of the first transformer winding, the second transformer winding, the third transformer winding, and the fourth transformer winding.
9 . The apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising:
an inductor component disposed in series with the first transformer winding and the second transformer winding via the circuit path, the inductor component operative to control a transient response of producing the output voltage.
10 . The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the circuit path creates a series circuit loop including an inductor component, the first transformer winding, and the second transformer winding.
11 . The apparatus as in claim 10 , wherein a node of the series circuit loop is coupled to a ground reference voltage.
12 . The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the first power converter stage is referenced with respect to a first ground reference voltage; and
wherein the second power converter stage is referenced with respect to a second ground reference voltage.
13 . The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein the second power converter stage includes a first sub-stage and a second sub-stage each of which is connected to a common output node of the second power converter stage to produce the output voltage;
wherein the first power converter stage is a regulated voltage converter stage;
wherein the first sub-stage of the second power converter stage is an unregulated voltage converter stage; and
wherein the second sub-stage of the second power converter stage is a regulated voltage converter stage providing regulation of generating the output voltage.
14 . The apparatus as in claim 13 , wherein the second sub-stage is operative to increase a second current outputted from the second sub-stage to produce the output voltage in response to detecting a transient load condition, the increased second current causing an increased flow of the first current through a series combination of the second transformer winding, the circuit path, and the first transformer winding; and
wherein the increased flow of the first current through the series combination is operative to increase a third current supplied by the intermediate voltage from the first power converter stage to the second power converter stage.
15 . The apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising:
a third transformer winding disposed in the first power converter stage, the third transformer winding inductively coupled to the first transformer winding, the third transformer operative to produce the intermediate voltage; and
a fourth transformer winding inductively coupled to the second transformer winding, the fourth transformer winding operative to produce the output voltage.
16 . The apparatus as in claim 15 , wherein the circuit path is a first circuit path connecting the first transformer winding in series with the second transformer winding; and
the apparatus further comprising a second circuit path connecting the first transformer winding in series with the second transformer winding.
17 . The apparatus as in claim 16 , wherein a combination of the first transformer winding, the first circuit path, the second transformer winding, and the second circuit path form a circuit loop; and
wherein the circuit loop is operative to convey current between the first power converter stage and the second power converter stage.
18 . The apparatus as in claim 1 , wherein an intermediate current outputted from the first power converter stage is generated based at least in part on the first current conveyed through the circuit path.
19 . The apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising:
a third transformer winding disposed in the first power converter stage, the third transformer winding inductively coupled to the first transformer winding, the third transformer winding operative to produce the intermediate voltage;
a fourth transformer winding inductively coupled to the second transformer winding, the fourth transformer winding operative to produce the output voltage; and
wherein the circuit path includes an inductor disposed in series with the first transformer winding and the second transformer winding.
20 . A method comprising:
via a first transformer winding of a first power converter stage, converting an input voltage into an intermediate voltage;
via a second power converter stage including a second transformer winding: i) receiving the intermediate voltage, and ii) producing an output voltage via the second transformer winding;
via a circuit path coupling the first transformer winding and the second transformer winding, controlling generation of the intermediate voltage by the first power converter stage; and
wherein the circuit path conveys first current from the second transformer winding in the second power converter stage to the first transformer winding in the first power converter stage, a magnitude of the first current varying depending on a variation of a magnitude of output current supplied by the output voltage to the load.
21 . The method as in claim 20 , wherein the second power converter stage includes a first sub-stage and a second sub-stage connected to a common output node from which the output voltage is outputted, the second sub-stage including the second transformer winding, the method further comprising:
via the first sub-stage of the second power converter stage, providing steady state power output to the common output node to generate the output voltage; and
via the second sub-stage of the second power converter stage, providing transient power output to the common output node to generate the output voltage.
22 . The method as in claim 21 further comprising:
detecting a variation in the magnitude of the output current supplied by the output voltage to power a load; and
in response to the variation, adjusting apportionment of first power supplied by the first sub-stage to the load and second power supplied by the second sub-stage to the load.
23 . An apparatus comprising:
a first power converter stage operative to convert an input voltage into an intermediate voltage, the first power converter stage including a first transformer winding;
a second power converter stage operative to receive the intermediate voltage and produce an output voltage to power a load, the second power converter stage including a second transformer winding; and
a circuit path coupling the first transformer winding in the first power converter stage to the second transformer winding in the second power converter stage, the apparatus further comprising:
a first primary winding in the first power converter stage inductively coupled to the first transformer winding;
wherein a first current conveyed through the first primary winding contributes to generating the intermediate voltage;
a second primary winding in the second power converter stage inductively coupled to the second transformer winding; and
wherein a second current conveyed through the second primary winding contributes to an output current powering the load.