Method for making a heterogeneous breast phantom
A heterogeneous patient-based breast phantom that mimics the anatomy and properties of real breast tissues when screened with ionizing and nonionizing imaging modalities is described. The heterogeneous breast phantom includes a skin mimicking segment; an adipose tissue mimicking segment; a fibro-glandular tissue mimicking segment; and a pectoral muscle mimicking segment wherein each segment is shaped and arranged such that the breast phantom represents a breast tissue. Performance of the breast phantom was characterized by mass attenuation coefficient, electron density and effective atomic number. Further, performance of breast phantoms was confirmed CT and breast MRI machines.
1 . A method of producing a heterogeneous breast phantom, comprising:
casting a first composition comprising a polyvinyl alcohol and sugar to form a skin-shaped mold, thereby forming a skin mimicking segment;
casting a second composition comprising beeswax to an adipose tissue-shaped mold, thereby forming a adipose tissue mimicking segment;
casting a third composition comprising glycerol to a fibro-glandular tissue-shaped mold, thereby forming a fibro-glandular tissue mimicking segment;
casting a fourth composition comprising sugar and egg whites to a pectoral muscle-shaped mold, thereby forming a pectoral muscle mimicking segment;
casting a fifth composition comprising sugar to a carcinoma-shaped mold, thereby forming a carcinoma mimicking segment;
arranging the segments to produce the heterogeneous breast phantom such that the phantom represents a breast tissue,
wherein the heterogeneous breast phantom comprises:
the skin mimicking segment, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol and the sugar are present in the skin mimicking segment in amounts of 4-6 wt % and 27-35 wt % respectively, each relative to a total weight of the skin mimicking segment;
the adipose tissue mimicking segment, wherein the beeswax is present in the adipose tissue mimicking segment in an amount of 38-45 wt % relative to a total weight of the adipose tissue mimicking segment;
the fibro-glandular tissue mimicking segment, wherein the glycerol is present in the fibro-glandular tissue mimicking segment in an amount of 10-15 wt % relative to a total weight of the fibro-glandular tissue mimicking segment;
the pectoral muscle mimicking segment, wherein the sugar is present in the pectoral muscle mimicking segment in an amount of 22-28 wt %, and wherein the egg whites are present in an amount of 2-8 wt % relative to a total weight of the pectoral muscle mimicking segment, and
the carcinoma mimicking segment that comprises a sugar selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, mannitol, and sorbitol in an amount of 20-25 wt % relative to a total weight of the carcinoma mimicking segment;
wherein each segment is shaped and arranged such that the heterogeneous breast phantom represents a breast tissue.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein each segment further comprises water, a vegetable oil, a surfactant, and agar.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the vegetable oil is safflower oil.
4 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the skin mimicking segment, the adipose tissue mimicking segment, the fibro-glandular tissue mimicking segment, and the carcinoma mimicking segment each further comprise at least one type of scattering particles selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KCl, Al 2 O 3 , and SiC particles.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the skin mimicking segment has an electron density (n e ) of 3.59E+23−3.61E+23 e − /g and an effective atomic number (Z eff ) of 7.2-7.3
wherein the adipose tissue mimicking segment has an electron density (n e ) of 3.17E+23−3.20E+23 e − /g and an effective atomic number (Z eff ) of 6.3-6.4,
wherein the fibro-glandular tissue mimicking segment has an electron density (n e ) of 3.15E+23−3.45E+23 e − /g and an effective atomic number (Z eff ) of 6.9-7.4, and
wherein the pectoral muscle mimicking segment has an electron density (n e ) of 3.40E+23−3.5E+23 e − /g and an effective atomic number (Z eff ) of 8.1-8.3.