Compressive stress forming systems and methods
The present disclosure relates to forming a metallic part to decrease residual stress and reduce springback behavior in the metallic part after forming. Target locations in the metallic part for excess material are determined based on electronic modelling prior to forming. The excess material in the target locations is configured to decrease residual stress in the metallic part after forming. The metallic part is contacted for forming at one or more contact locations away from as-cut end surfaces of the metallic part, such that the as-cut end surfaces are unconstrained during forming. The excess material is caused, based on the one or more contact locations and the excess material at the one or more target locations, to flow in one or more specific directions during forming to decrease the residual stress in the metallic part and reduce springback behavior in the metallic part after forming.
1 . A method for forming a metallic part, the method comprising:
determining, based on electronic modelling prior to the forming, one or more target locations in the metallic part for excess material, the excess material in the one or more target locations configured to decrease residual stress in the metallic part after the forming;
pre-forming the metallic part so the metallic part includes the excess material at the one or more target locations;
contacting the metallic part for the forming at one or more contact locations away from as-cut end surfaces of the metallic part, such that the as-cut end surfaces are unconstrained during the forming; and
causing, based on the one or more contact locations and the excess material at the one or more target locations, the excess material to flow in one or more specific directions during the forming to decrease the residual stress in the metallic part and reduce springback behavior in the metallic part after the forming.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the excess material comprises a bulging arcuate portion of the metallic part.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the excess material comprises excess length of line in the metallic part.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more target locations comprise a bend between a base and a sidewall of the metallic part.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein causing the excess material to flow in one or more specific directions during the forming produces:
(1) a pattern of plastic compression in the sidewall, elastic compression in the bend, and plastic tension in the base, on an outside radius of the bend; and
(2) a corresponding pattern of plastic tension in the sidewall, elastic tension in the bend, and plastic compression in the base, on an inside radius of the bend;
to decrease the residual stress in the metallic part and reduce the springback behavior in the metallic part after the forming.
6 . The method of claim 4 , wherein causing the excess material to flow in one or more specific directions during the forming produces balanced opposite bending moments on either side of the bend to decrease the residual stress in the metallic part and reduces the springback behavior in the metallic part after the forming.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the metallic part comprises floor pan, a battery tray, or a U model beam.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the electronic modelling comprises predicting stresses in the metallic part caused by the forming, using finite element analysis (FEA).
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the predicted stresses comprise tensile stresses caused by material deformation, and compressive stresses in local areas of the metallic part induced by the excess material.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more target locations comprise a bend between a base and a sidewall of the metallic part, and wherein contacting comprises holding and/or compressing the metallic part between two opposing surfaces of a die that span the bend from the base to the sidewall.
11 . A system for forming a metallic part, the system comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to determine, based on electronic modelling prior to the forming, one or more target locations in the metallic part for excess material, the excess material in the one or more target locations configured to decrease residual stress in the metallic part after the forming; and
a forming tool comprising:
one or more contacts configured to contact the metallic part for the forming at one or more contact locations away from as-cut end surfaces of the metallic part, such that the as-cut end surfaces are unconstrained during the forming; and
one or more dies configured to cause, based on the one or more contact locations and the excess material at the one or more target locations, the excess material to flow in one or more specific directions during the forming to decrease the residual stress in the metallic part and reduce springback behavior in the metallic part after the forming;
wherein the one or more dies are further configured to, before the forming, pre-form the metallic part so the metallic part includes the excess material at the one or more target locations.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the excess material comprises a bulging arcuate portion of the metallic part.
13 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the excess material comprises excess length of line in the metallic part.
14 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the one or more target locations comprise a bend between a base and a sidewall of the metallic part.
15 . The system of claim 14 , wherein causing the excess material to flow in one or more specific directions during the forming produces:
(1) a pattern of plastic compression in the sidewall, elastic compression in the bend, and plastic tension in the base, on an outside radius of the bend; and
(2) a corresponding pattern of plastic tension in the sidewall, elastic tension in the bend, and plastic compression in the base, on an inside radius of the bend;
to decrease the residual stress in the metallic part and reduce the springback behavior in the metallic part after the forming.
16 . The system of claim 14 , wherein causing the excess material to flow in one or more specific directions during the forming produces balanced opposite bending moments on either side of the bend to decrease the residual stress in the metallic part and reduces the springback behavior in the metallic part after the forming.
17 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the metallic part comprises a floor pan, battery tray, or a U model beam.
18 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the electronic modelling comprises predicting stresses in the metallic part caused by the forming, using finite element analysis (FEA).
19 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the predicted stresses comprise tensile stresses caused by material deformation, and compressive stresses in local areas of the metallic part induced by the excess material.
20 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the one or more target locations comprise a bend between a base and a sidewall of the metallic part, and wherein contacting comprises holding and/or compressing the metallic part between two opposing surfaces of a die that span the bend from the base to the sidewall.