Electric system of electric vehicle
The present disclosure provides a motor drive integrated on-board charger to reduce the quantity of components in an electric system of an electric vehicle. Reduction of components is achieved by utilizing the motor and the motor driving inverter as a part of the on-board charger in the charging mode. By controlling relays, electrical connections of the system may be reconfigured according to its mode of operation. In one aspect, the motor and the motor driving inverter play the roles of a boost PFC, a current regulator, or both.
1 . An electric system of an electric vehicle, comprising:
an AC/DC converter;
a first relay electrically connected to an output terminal of the AC/DC converter;
a multi-phase motor connected to the AC/DC converter through the first relay;
an inverter connected to the multi-phase motor;
a link capacitor connected in parallel with the inverter and connected to a battery; and
a second relay electrically connected to the first relay, the multi-phase motor, and the inverter; and
a power factor correcting (PFC) inductor electrically connected between the AC/DC converter and the first relay,
wherein in a charging mode, the first relay is closed and the second relay is opened, and the first relay connects the inverter to the PFC inductor and connects one winding of the multi-phase motor to a buffer capacitor of the AC/DC converter.
2 . The electric system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-phase motor comprises a plurality of phases, the inverter comprises a plurality of phase legs, and one of the plurality of phases of the multi-phase motor is connected to a respective one of the plurality of phase legs of the inverter through the second relay.
3 . The electric system of claim 1 , wherein in a driving mode, the first relay is opened and the second relay is closed, and the battery is capable of being discharged to power the multi-phase motor.
4 . The electric system of claim 1 , wherein in the charging mode, the first relay is closed and the second relay is opened, and the battery is capable of being charged using an AC power source connecting to the AC/DC converter.
5 . The electric system of claim 1 further comprises a third relay through which the link capacitor is connected to the battery.
6 . The electric system of claim 5 , wherein in a driving mode, the first relay is opened and the third relay is closed, and the battery is capable of being discharged to power the multi-phase motor.
7 . The electric system of claim 5 , wherein in the charging mode, the first relay and the third relay are closed, and the battery is capable of being charged using an AC power source connecting to the AC/DC converter.
8 . The electric system of claim 5 , wherein the third relay is closed in a driving mode and the charging mode.
9 . The electric system of claim 1 , wherein the AC/DC converter comprises a resonant converter, capable of receiving an AC power source at an input terminal and generating a DC power at an output terminal.
10 . The electric system of claim 1 , wherein the AC/DC converter comprises an LLC series resonant converter, capable of receiving an AC power source at an input terminal and generating a DC power at an output terminal.
11 . The electric system of claim 10 , wherein a switching frequency of the LLC series resonant converter is based on at least one of a battery voltage, a battery current, and an input voltage of the AC/DC converter to provide an appropriate level of AC voltage to a capacitor of the LLC series resonant converter.
12 . The electric system of claim 1 , wherein the AC/DC converter comprises one of an isolated AC/DC rectifier having a half bridge inverter and a full bridge rectifier, an isolated AC/DC rectifier having a full bridge inverter and a full bridge rectifier, an isolated AC/DC rectifier having a half bridge inverter and a voltage doubler rectifier, and an isolated AC/DC rectifier having a full bridge inverter and a voltage doubler rectifier.
13 . The electric system of claim 1 , wherein the first relay comprises a double-pole double-throw relay configured to connect/disconnect the inverter and connect/disconnect the AC/DC converter.
14 . The electric system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-phase motor comprises a first motor winding, a second motor winding, and a third motor winding; the inverter comprises a first phase leg, a second phase leg, and a third phase leg; in the charging mode, the second relay is opened, the first relay is closed to connect the inverter to the PFC inductor and connect the first motor winding of the multi-phase motor to the buffer capacitor of the AC/DC converter.
15 . The electric system of claim 14 , wherein the second and third phase legs of the inverter are connected to the second and third motor windings of the multi-phase motor, and the first motor winding is connected to the buffer capacitor of the AC/DC converter.
16 . The electric system of claim 15 , wherein the second and third phase legs of the inverter and the multi-phase motor constitute an interleaved buck converter.
17 . The electric system of claim 14 , wherein the first phase leg of the inverter comprises two switches for regulating current through the PFC inductor.
18 . The electric system of claim 17 , wherein the first phase leg operates as a boost power factor correcting.
19 . An electric system of an electric vehicle, comprising:
an AC/DC converter;
a first relay electrically connected to an output terminal of the AC/DC converter;
a multi-phase motor connected to the AC/DC converter through the first relay;
an inverter connected to the multi-phase motor;
a link capacitor connected in parallel with the inverter and connected to a battery;
a second relay electrically connected to the first relay, the multi-phase motor, and the inverter; and
a power factor correcting (PFC) inductor electrically connected between the AC/DC converter and the first relay,
wherein the multi-phase motor comprises a first motor winding, a second motor winding, and a third motor winding; the inverter comprises a first phase leg, a second phase leg, and a third phase leg; in a charging mode, the second relay is opened, the first relay is closed to connect the inverter to the PFC inductor and connect the first motor winding of the multi-phase motor to a buffer capacitor of the AC/DC converter.
20 . The electric system of claim 19 , wherein the first phase leg of the inverter comprises two switches for regulating current through the PFC inductor.