Protective material and associated protective wear
An example protective material formed from a multilayered laminate is provided. The protective material includes a first layer including a microporous membrane supporting a material. The protective material includes a second layer positioned adjacent to the first layer. The second layer includes porous membrane supporting a bed of a metal organic framework (MOF). The combination of the first and second layers provides a barrier against toxic vapors/gases, while allowing for moisture transmission, resulting in protection and comfort to the user.
1 . A protective material, comprising:
a first layer including a microporous membrane supporting a cross-linked graphene oxide laminate membrane; and
a second layer positioned adjacent to the first layer, the second layer including a porous membrane defining pores, wherein the pores of the porous membrane are filled with nanocrystals of metal organic frameworks.
2 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the first layer and the second layer are secured or bonded to each other along an entire overlapping surface area of the respective first and second layers.
3 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the first and second layers are flexible.
4 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the first layer is configured as an outermost layer of the protective material and is intended to face a feed gas before the second layer faces the feed gas.
5 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the first layer blocks chemical warfare agents for a first period of time, and during a second period of time immediately beyond the first period of time, the first layer allows permeation of chemical warfare agents through the first layer and to the second layer at a chemical warfare agent level that is reduced by a factor of at least 94.7% relative to the chemical warfare agent level blocked by the first layer in the first period of time.
6 . The protective material of claim 5 , wherein the second layer at least one of absorbs or adsorbs the permeated chemical warfare agents for the second period of time.
7 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the first layer is impermeable to small gases at zero relative humidity and allows water vapor to pass therethrough.
8 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the material of the first layer comprises compressed graphene oxide, wherein contiguous layers are crosslinked.
9 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the microporous membrane of the first layer is fabricated from polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyurethane, crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol, polyether block amide, or surface-treated polyamide.
10 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the metal organic frameworks of the second layer are sorptive or reactive nanostructured UiO-66-NH 2 .
11 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the microporous membrane is bonded to the cross-linked graphene oxide laminate membrane by glutaraldehyde-based or amine-based crosslinking.
12 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the first and second layers allow transmission of moisture therethrough at a rate of at least 1,500 g/m 2 per day at 30° C. and a relative humidity difference of 50%.
13 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein a combination of the first and second layers is configured to completely block ammonia for about 2,750 minutes.
14 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein a combination of the first and second layers is configured to completely block sulfur mustard gas for about 1,075 minutes.
15 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein a combination of the first and second layers is configured to completely block Soman gas and a nerve simulant for about 176 minutes.
16 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein a combination of the first and second layers is configured to completely block dimethyl methyl phosphonate for about 7 days.
17 . The protective material of claim 1 , wherein the microporous membrane of the first layer is laser treated to include laser-induced graphene, and the first layer is configured as an outermost layer of the protective material such that the laser-induced graphene faces a feed gas before the second layer faces the feed gas.
18 . A protective wear fabricated from the protective material of claim 1 .
19 . A protective packaging for one or more items fabricated from the protective material of claim 1 .
20 . A protective material, comprising:
a first layer including a microporous membrane supporting a MXene laminate; and
a second layer positioned adjacent to the first layer, the second layer including a porous membrane defining pores, wherein the pores of the porous membrane are filled with nanocrystals of metal organic frameworks.