Rubber-based article with low fluid permeability
An article is not pneumatic tyre for a motor vehicle and the article's use are that is suitable as at least a part of a pressurizable container or pipeline. The article includes a first side that is, in use, configured to be exposed to a first environment and a second side that is, in use, configured to be exposed to a second environment. At least a part of the article includes rubber-based material that is configured to restrict fluid permeability and that includes lignin that has been treated by hydrothermal carbonization. The rubber-based material or a coating of the rubber-based material forms at least a part of the first side, and the first side is, in use, configured to be exposed to a higher pressure than the second side. A method is for manufacturing the article.
1 . A tube for use as at least a part of a pipeline, the tube comprising:
a rubber-based material that is configured to restrict fluid permeability and that comprises lignin that has been treated by hydrothermal carbonization,
a second material,
a first side configured to be exposed to a first environment, and
a second side configured to be exposed to a second environment, such that:
the rubber-based material or a coating of the rubber-based material forms at least a part of the first side,
the second material forms at least a part of the second side, and
the first side is configured to be exposed to a higher pressure than the second side, wherein:
the rubber-based material comprises at least one of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and ethylene propylene diene rubber;
the rubber-based material comprises 8 wt % to 35 wt % lignin treated by hydrothermal carbonization;
the rubber-based material comprises a cured material;
a composition of the second material is different from a composition of the rubber-based material configured to restrict fluid permeability;
the tube is longer than a diameter of the tube; and
the first side of the tube is an inner side of the tube.
2 . The tube of claim 1 ,
wherein the rubber-based material forms at least a part of the first side and/or
the tube comprises a coating of the rubber-based material, the coating forming at least a part of the first side of the tube, and
a thickness of the coating is at most 5 mm.
3 . The tube of claim 1 , wherein
the rubber-based material forms at least a part of the first side of the tube.
4 . The tube of claim 1 , wherein
the rubber-based material comprises at least one of nitrile butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, and natural rubber.
5 . The tube of claim 1 , wherein
the rubber-based material comprises a rubber-based matrix material and HTC-lignin of which specific surface area is from 7 m 2 /g to 150 m 2 /g, when measured according to ASTM D-6556-10 and/or
the rubber-based material comprises a rubber-based matrix material and HTC-lignin having an oil absorption number of from 50 ml/100 g to 130 ml/100 g.
6 . The tube of claim 1 , comprising
a reinforcing material such that at least some of the rubber-based material that comprises lignin that has been treated by hydrothermal carbonization is arranged between the first side of the tube and the reinforcing material.
7 . The tube of claim 1 , comprising
an information carrier carrying first information, wherein the first information is indicative of fluid permeability of the tube.
8 . The tube of claim 1 , wherein the rubber-based material
forms at least a part of the first side; and/or
the tube comprises a coating of the rubber-based material, the coating forming at least a part of the first side of the tube, and
a thickness of the coating is at most 500 μm.
9 . The tube of claim 1 , wherein the rubber-based material comprises at least one of nitrile butadiene rubber, and chloroprene rubber.
10 . The tube of claim 1 , wherein the second material is a rubber-based material.
11 . The tube of claim 6 , wherein the reinforcing material comprises fibrous material, textile, or metal.
12 . The tube of claim 1 , comprising an inner tube and a coaxial outer tube.
13 . The tube of claim 1 , comprising:
an inner tube and a coaxial outer tube,
wherein the inner tube comprises the rubber-based material configured to restrict fluid permeability.
14 . The tube of claim 1 , wherein the rubber-based material comprises lignin that has been extracted from a spent liquor of a Kraft process and has been treated by hydrothermal carbonization.
15 . The tube of claim 4 , wherein the rubber-based material comprises lignin that has been extracted from a spent liquor of a Kraft process and has been treated by hydrothermal carbonization.
16 . The tube of claim 9 , wherein the rubber-based material comprises lignin that has been extracted from a spent liquor of a Kraft process and has been treated by hydrothermal carbonization.