Compositions for mitigating low speed pre-ignition events

1 . A method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, the method comprising:

supplying to the engine a fuel composition comprising:

a hydrocarbon fuel boiling in gasoline or diesel range; and

a primary additive having a structure given by

or a salt thereof;

wherein A is a ring moiety;

wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently H, C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ether, or hydroxyl group;

wherein R 3 and R 4 are independently H, C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ether, amino, or hydroxyl group or wherein R 3 and R 4 are part of a cyclic group; R 5 is C 1 -C 100 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ether, or hydroxyl group; and

wherein p is 0 to 2, n is 1 to 3, m is 1 to 3, and p+n+m is less than 5.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprising a second additive or a salt thereof, wherein the second additive is an acid, phenol, 1, 3 dicarbonyl, hydroxyamide, antioxidant, salicylate, amidine or guanidine.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the carboxyl group is carboxylic acid ester, amide, or ketone.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein A is an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclic group includes one or more nitrogens or one or more oxygens.

6 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the secondary additive is 2-ethylhexanoic acid, or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-undeca-7-ene.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are both hydrogen.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R 3 and R 4 is an ethyl or butyl group.