Nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip, and nucleic acid extraction device and extraction method
Embodiments of the disclosure provide a nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip, and a nucleic acid extraction device and method. The nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip includes a channel plate including: a mixed lysis zone, an extraction zone adjacent to the mixed lysis zone, a gas-pressure driven port in communication with an exterior, a first type of channel communicating the mixed lysis zone with the extraction zone, and a second type of channel communicating the extraction zone with the gas-pressure driven port; a cover plate opposite to the channel plate, wherein the cover plate includes a sample inlet and a liquid inlet through hole in a location corresponding to the mixed lysis zone; and a solution accommodating cavity, on a side of the cover plate away from the channel plate, wherein the solution accommodating cavity communicates with the mixed lysis zone of the channel plate through the liquid inlet through hole.
1 . A nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip, comprising:
a channel plate, comprising:
a first segment, a second segment, and a third segment arranged and connected sequentially in a first direction, wherein lengths in a second direction of the first segment, the second segment, and the third segment decrease sequentially, and the first segment comprises a first sub-segment and a second sub-segment protruding in the first direction relative to the second sub-segment, and a third sub-segment between the first sub-segment and the second sub-segment;
a mixed lysis zone located in the second segment and the third segment, wherein the mixed lysis zone comprises:
a first liquid inlet groove, a second liquid inlet groove, and a third liquid inlet groove;
a first channel, a second channel, and a third channel communicating with the first liquid inlet groove, the second liquid inlet groove, and the third liquid inlet groove, respectively; and
a mixed lysis groove, located at the second channel and communicating with the second channel;
an extraction zone located in the third sub-segment, wherein the extraction zone comprises: an extraction trough with a liquid inlet end and a liquid outlet end, and the extraction trough communicates with the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel via the liquid inlet end;
a first gas-pressure driven port located in the first sub-segment, wherein an end of the first gas-pressure driven port communicates with an exterior, and another end of the first gas-pressure driven port communicates with the extraction zone via a first sub-channel and the liquid outlet end; and
a second gas-pressure driven port located in the second sub-segment, wherein an end of the second gas-pressure driven port communicates with the exterior, and another end of the second gas-pressure driven port communicates with the extraction zone via a second sub-channel and the liquid outlet end;
a cover plate, disposed opposite to the channel plate, wherein the cover plate comprises:
a sample inlet at a position corresponding to the mixed lysis groove; and
a first liquid inlet through hole at a position corresponding to the first liquid inlet groove, a second liquid inlet through hole at a position corresponding to the second liquid inlet groove, and a third liquid inlet through hole at a position corresponding to the third liquid inlet groove; and
a solution accommodating cavity, on a side of the cover plate away from the channel plate, wherein the solution accommodating cavity comprises:
a flushing liquid accommodating cavity, in communication with the first liquid inlet groove of the channel plate through a first through hole;
a lysis solution accommodating cavity, in communication with the second liquid inlet groove of the channel plate through a second through hole; and
an eluent accommodating cavity, in communication with the third liquid inlet groove of the channel plate through a third through hole.
2 . The nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip according to claim 1 , wherein the channel plate further comprises a sample storage groove at the first sub-channel; and
the channel plate further comprises a waste liquid storage groove at the second sub-channel.
3 . The nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip according to claim 2 , wherein the first channel, the second channel and the third channel converge at a liquid inlet channel to communicate with the liquid inlet end; and
the waste liquid storage groove is further in communication with the liquid inlet channel through a fourth channel.
4 . The nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip according to claim 3 , further comprising:
a magnetic bead positioned within the extraction trough; and
a magnetic bead accommodating cavity on a side of the cover plate away from the channel plate;
wherein:
the mixed lysis zone further comprises a fourth liquid inlet groove, and a sixth-fifth channel communicating the fourth liquid inlet groove with the liquid inlet end;
the cover plate further comprises a fourth through hole corresponding to the fourth liquid inlet groove; and
the magnetic bead accommodating cavity is in communication with the fourth liquid inlet groove of the channel plate through the fourth through hole.
5 . The nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip according to claim 2 , further comprising:
a first control valve in the first channel;
a second control valve in the second channel;
a third control valve in the third channel; and
a fourth control valve in the second sub-channel and between the waste liquid storage groove and the liquid outlet end.
6 . The nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip according to claim 5 , wherein
each of the control valves is a gas-pressure driven squeezing valve structure comprising: a squeezing block accommodating groove in a surface of the cover plate away from the channel plate, a squeezing block in the squeezing block accommodating groove, a bottom membrane on a side of the squeezing block away from the channel plate, and an elastic protective membrane on a side of the squeezing block facing the channel plate; wherein the bottom membrane comprises a gas circuit access port communicating with the squeezing block accommodating groove.
7 . The nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip according to claim 6 , wherein a protective membrane accommodating groove accommodating the elastic protective membrane is provided in a surface of the cover plate, and an orthographic projection of the protective membrane accommodating groove on the cover plate covers an orthographic projection of the elastic protective membrane on the cover plate.
8 . The nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip according to claim 1 , wherein the flushing liquid accommodating cavity and the eluent accommodating cavity are in a region where the third segment is located.