Nanomaterial with noble metal atoms on non-noble metal substrate, and methods of preparation and use thereof
Nanomaterials and methods of preparation and use thereof, are disclosed. The nanomaterials include a non-noble metal substrate and noble metal atoms on a surface of the non-noble metal substrate. The noble metal atoms simultaneously coordinate with a halogen and oxygen. The substrate has a large specific surface area and a large electrochemical active area, and the surface coordination environment of the noble metal affects the electronic structure and catalytic activity of a resulting catalyst. The noble metal surface coordination structure may be regulated and controlled by a synthesis temperature, an alkalinity, a reaction time, and an electrodeposition voltage range. A hydroxide ion and the halogen coordinate with the noble metal, exhibiting an unsaturated pentacoordinate state. Doping the substrate with reducing metal ions may increase the loading capacity, anchor the noble metal atoms, and improve anodic oxygen evolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution in seawater electrolysis.
1 . A nanomaterial, comprising:
a non-noble metal substrate; and
single noble metal atoms dispersed on a surface of the non-noble metal substrate, wherein
the non-noble metal substrate comprises one or more hydroxides, oxides, sulfides, phosphides, phosphates, or selenides of iron, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, manganese, cerium, vanadium, zinc, copper, strontium, indium, cadmium, and combinations thereof;
the single noble metal atoms are selected from iridium, ruthenium, gold, platinum, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium and combinations thereof, and
the single noble metal atoms are simultaneously coordinated with (i) a halogen selected from chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine, and (ii) one or more oxygen-containing functional groups.
2 . The nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial further comprises a conductive carrier, and the non-noble metal substrate is on the conductive carrier.
3 . The nanomaterial according to claim 2 , wherein the conductive carrier is selected from foam metal, carbon paper, and a carbon cloth.
4 . The nanomaterial according to claim 3 , wherein the conductive carrier is selected from foam iron and foam nickel.
5 . The nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein the non-noble metal substrate is doped with a reducing metal ion.
6 . The nanomaterial according to claim 5 , wherein the reducing metal ions are selected from divalent iron ions, manganese ions, and cobalt ions.
7 . The nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more oxygen-containing functional groups comprise a hydroxide ion.
8 . The nanomaterial according to claim 7 , wherein the halogen is chlorine.
9 . The nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein the single noble metal atoms are iridium.
10 . The nanomaterial according to claim 9 , wherein the single noble metal atoms further include ruthenium or platinum.
11 . The nanomaterial according to claim 9 , wherein the non-noble metal substrate comprises a hydroxide, a selenide, or a phosphide or phosphate of iron, cobalt, nickel, or a combination thereof.
12 . The nanomaterial according to claim 11 , wherein the non-noble metal substrate further comprises divalent manganese ions.
13 . The nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein the single noble metal atoms are ruthenium or platinum.
14 . The nanomaterial according to claim 13 , wherein the non-noble metal substrate comprises a hydroxide, a selenide, a sulfide, or a phosphide or phosphate of iron, cobalt, nickel, or a combination thereof.
15 . The nanomaterial according to claim 14 , wherein the non-noble metal substrate further comprises cerium or vanadium.
16 . The nanomaterial according to claim 14 , wherein the non-noble metal substrate is on a foam nickel or carbon paper carrier.
17 . The nanomaterial according to claim 1 , wherein the single noble metal atoms are selected from gold, silver, osmium and palladium.
18 . The nanomaterial according to claim 17 , wherein the non-noble metal substrate comprises an oxide, a selenide, a sulfide, or a phosphide or phosphate of iron, cobalt, nickel, or a combination thereof.
19 . The nanomaterial according to claim 18 , wherein the non-noble metal substrate further comprises indium, manganese, cadmium, zinc, aluminum, copper, strontium, or a combination thereof.