Systems and methods to assess state-of-health of an exhaust gas constituent capture device

1 . A system for monitoring and diagnosing at least one carbon capture device, the system comprising:

at least one carbon capture device; and

a controller coupled to the at least one carbon capture device, the controller comprising at least one processor and at least one memory device storing instructions therein that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the controller to perform operations comprising:

receiving data regarding the at least one carbon capture device, the data comprising at least one output value;

determining at least one predicted output value regarding the at least one carbon capture device;

comparing the at least one output value with the at least one predicted output value;

determining a state of health of the at least one carbon capture device based on the comparison; and

responsive to determining that the state of health of the at least one carbon capture device is at or below a predetermined threshold, enabling one or more controls to mitigate degradation of the at least one carbon capture device.

2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein receiving the data regarding the at least one carbon capture device comprises receiving the at least one output value from a sensing device including at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an oxygen sensor, a lambda sensor, a calorimeter sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a flow rate sensor, and a humidity sensor.

3 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one heat exchanger disposed upstream of the at least one carbon capture device.

4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the at least one heat exchanger includes a chiller, and wherein the one or more controls to mitigate degradation of the at least one carbon capture device comprises activating the chiller.

5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more controls to mitigate degradation of the at least one carbon capture device comprises adjusting operation of an engine, the engine disposed upstream of the at least one carbon capture device, wherein adjusting operation of the engine comprises at least one of:

reducing a maximum speed of the engine, or

reducing an amount of fuel provided to the engine relative to an amount of air provided to the engine.

6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the controller to perform further operations comprising enabling a regeneration sequence responsive to determining that the state of health of the at least one carbon capture device is at or below the predetermined threshold, the regeneration sequence comprising:

activating one or more heaters positioned upstream of the at least one carbon capture device; and

opening a valve upstream of the at least one carbon capture device, wherein the valve is configured to allow a gas to flow to the at least one carbon capture device when opened, and the one or more heaters are configured to heat the gas flowing to the at least one carbon capture device.

7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the controller to perform further operations comprising:

receiving data comprising at least one input value;

determining at least one predicted input value;

comparing the at least one input value relative to the at least one output value with the at least one predicted input value relative to the at least one predicted output value; and

determining the state of health of the at least one carbon capture device based on the comparison.

8 . A method of assessing a state of health of at least one carbon capture device, comprising:

receiving data regarding the at least one carbon capture device, the data comprising at least one output value;

determining at least one predicted output value regarding the at least one carbon capture device;

comparing the at least one output value with the at least one predicted output value;

determining a state of health of the at least one carbon capture device based on the comparison; and

responsive to determining that the state of health of the at least one carbon capture device is at or below a predetermined threshold, enabling one or more controls to mitigate degradation of the at least one carbon capture device.

9 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising:

receiving data comprising at least one input value; and

determining at least one predicted input value.

10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the state of health of the at least one carbon capture device is further based on comparing the at least one input value with the at least one predicted input value.

11 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising:

determining a carbon capture rate based on the at least one output value and at least one input value; and

determining an expected carbon capture rate based on the at least one input value and a storage capacity of the at least one carbon capture device;

wherein the state of health of the at least one carbon capture device is further based on comparing the carbon capture rate with the expected carbon capture rate.

12 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more controls to mitigate degradation of the at least one carbon capture device comprise adjusting operation of an engine, the engine disposed upstream of the at least one carbon capture device, wherein adjusting operation of the engine comprises at least one of:

reducing a speed of the engine, or

reducing an amount of fuel provided to the engine relative to an amount of air provided to the engine.

13 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising enabling a regeneration sequence responsive to determining that the state of health of the at least one carbon capture device is at or below the predetermined threshold, the regeneration sequence comprising:

activating one or more heaters positioned upstream of the at least one carbon capture device; and

opening a valve upstream of the at least one carbon capture device, wherein the valve is configured to allow a gas to flow to the at least one carbon capture device when opened, and the one or more heaters are configured to heat the gas flowing to the at least one carbon capture device.

14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the gas is at least one of air or nitrogen gas.

15 . A method of identifying tampering of an carbon capture device, comprising:

receiving data regarding the carbon capture device, the data comprising at least one output value;

comparing the at least one output value to a previous corresponding output value;

determining that the carbon capture device has been tampered with based on the comparison; and

responsive to determining that the carbon capture device has been tampered with, providing a notification indicating the tampering of the carbon capture device.

16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least one output value is a pressure value regarding a pressure change across the carbon capture device and the previous corresponding output value is a previous pressure value regarding a previous pressure change across the carbon capture device.

17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein determining that the carbon capture device has been tampered with is based on the pressure value being below the previous pressure value.

18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein:

the at least one output value is a fuel economy value regarding an engine positioned upstream of the carbon capture;

the previous corresponding output value is a previous fuel economy value regarding the engine; and

determining that the carbon capture device has been tampered with is based on the fuel economy value being above the previous fuel economy value.

19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein:

the at least one output value is a fluid level value regarding a fluid tank configured to store a liquid solvent;

the previous corresponding output value is a previous fluid level value regarding the fluid tank; and

determining that the carbon capture device has been tampered with is based on the fluid level value being below the previous fluid level value.

20 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising:

monitoring the carbon capture device during periods when a system including the carbon capture device is not operating;

comparing a continuity break in the carbon capture device relative to a known service event involving the carbon capture device; and

determining that the carbon capture device has been tampered with is based on the comparison.