Manufacture of pipe-in-pipe assemblies
A pipe-in-pipe assembly comprises a bundled infill structure occupying an annulus between inner and outer pipes of the assembly. The infill structure is formed of a plurality of elongate elements laid along the inner pipe comprising a mixture of reinforcing elements and insulating elements. The reinforcing elements have greater mechanical resistance than the insulating elements to radial compression whereas the insulating elements provide greater thermal insulation than the reinforcing elements. Pluralities of the reinforcing elements are positioned together within the infill structure to form reinforcing formations, such as spacer formations, embedded between insulating regions of the infill structure that are defined by pluralities of the insulating elements.
1 . A pipe in pipe assembly, comprising:
a bundled infill structure occupying an annulus between inner and outer pipes of the assembly, the infill structure being formed of a plurality of elongate elements laid along the inner pipe;
wherein the elongate elements of the infill structure comprise a mixture of reinforcing elements and insulating elements, the reinforcing elements having greater mechanical resistance than the insulating elements to radial compression whereas the insulating elements provide greater thermal insulation than the reinforcing elements; and
pluralities of the reinforcing elements are positioned together within the infill structure to form discrete reinforcing formations that are circumferentially embedded between insulating regions of the infill structure defined by pluralities of the insulating elements, wherein the reinforcing formations are spacer formations that are angularly spaced around the inner pipe and that extend radially from the inner pipe toward the outer pipe.
2 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the infill structure comprises layers of the elongate elements laid on the inner pipe in radially outward succession.
3 . The assembly of claim 2 , wherein the elongate elements of each layer are angularly staggered relative to the elongate elements of each neighbouring layer.
4 . The assembly of claim 2 , wherein the reinforcing formations incorporate fewer reinforcing elements in successive layers to taper in a radially outward direction.
5 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the spacer formations each comprise a combination of the reinforcing elements and the insulating elements.
6 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the elongate elements of the infill structure further comprise one or more auxiliary elements whose primary purpose is to heat the inner pipe or to convey electrical current or data along the assembly.
7 . The assembly of claim 6 , wherein one or more of the auxiliary elements is a heating element that is in thermal contact with the inner pipe and is surrounded by insulating elements of the infill structure.
8 . The assembly of claim 6 , wherein one or more of the auxiliary elements are a data cable that is separated from the inner pipe and from any heating element by at least one insulating element or reinforcing element of the infill structure.
9 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the elongate elements lie on mutually parallel paths.
10 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the elongate elements lie on helical paths.
11 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the elongate elements comprise groups of elements braided, knitted, wrapped, twisted, bonded or fused together.
12 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing elements comprise tubes or rods.
13 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the insulating elements comprise hollow tubes, tubes filled with thermally insulating material, solid rods of thermally insulating material, or elements of a fibrous thermally insulating material.
14 . The assembly of claim 13 , wherein the reinforcing elements and the insulating elements are both tubular and the tubes of the insulating elements have thinner walls than the tubes of the reinforcing elements.
15 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the elongate elements of the infill structure are all of substantially the same diameter.
16 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the elongate elements of the infill structure increase in diameter in a radially outward direction.
17 . The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing formations extend through a full radial thickness of the infill structure.
18 . The assembly of claim 1 , comprising a circumferentially continuous radial gap between the infill structure and the outer pipe.
19 . A method of manufacturing a pipe in pipe assembly, the method comprising:
forming a bundled infill structure around an inner pipe of the assembly by laying a plurality of elongate elements along the inner pipe; and
inserting the inner pipe and the infill structure into an outer pipe of the assembly, the infill structure then occupying an annulus defined between the inner and outer pipes; wherein
the elongate elements of the infill structure comprise a mixture of reinforcing elements and insulating elements, the reinforcing elements having greater mechanical resistance than the insulating elements to radial compression whereas the insulating elements provide greater thermal insulation than the reinforcing elements; and
the reinforcing elements are placed together within the infill structure to form discrete reinforcing formations, each of those formations comprising a plurality of the reinforcing elements and being circumferentially embedded between insulating regions of the infill structure defined by pluralities of the insulating elements, wherein the reinforcing formations are spacer formations that are angularly spaced around the inner pipe and that extend radially from the inner pipe toward the outer pipe.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the infill structure comprises layers of the elongate elements laid on the inner pipe in radially outward succession.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the reinforcing formations are tapered in a radially outward direction by incorporating fewer reinforcing elements in successive layers.
22 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the elongate elements of the infill structure further comprise one or more auxiliary elements whose primary purpose is to heat the inner pipe or to convey electrical current or data along the assembly.
23 . The method of claim 22 , comprising laying at least one heating element in thermal contact with the inner pipe and laying insulating elements over and surrounding the at least one heating element.
24 . The method of claim 22 , comprising laying at least one data cable on at least one inner layer of elongate elements disposed between the data cable and the inner pipe.
25 . The method of claim 19 , comprising laying the elongate elements on parallel paths.
26 . The method of claim 19 , comprising laying the elongate elements on helical paths.
27 . The method of claim 19 , comprising laying the elongate elements on the inner pipe dispensed from at least one reel of a winding machine.
28 . The method of claim 27 , comprising laying the elongate elements successively on the inner pipe at positions spaced longitudinally along the inner pipe.
29 . The method of claim 27 , comprising laying a plurality of the elongate elements grouped together at a common longitudinal position on the inner pipe.
30 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the elongate elements are grouped by convergence from respective reels to the common longitudinal position on the inner pipe.
31 . The method of claim 29 , wherein the elongate elements are grouped before being conveyed together to the inner pipe as a group.
32 . The method of claim 19 , comprising compacting the infill structure by heating and/or radially inward compression before inserting the inner pipe and the infill structure into the outer pipe.