Modular cryogenic cooling system
A cryogenic cooling system comprises a vacuum chamber, a first support system for cold plates in said vacuum chamber, and a second support system for heat radiation shields in said vacuum chamber. Coupled to said first support system and supported thereby are a plurality of mutually parallel cold plates displaced from each other in a first direction. Said first direction is defined as the direction perpendicular to said cold plates. Coupled to said second support system and supported thereby are a plurality of at least partially nested heat radiation shields. Each of said heat radiation shields is configured to shield a respective sub-space adjacent to a corresponding one of said cold plates. At least a first cold plate of said cold plates is a modular cold plate comprising two or more sections adjacent to each other on the same level in said first direction, said sections being coupled to said first support system independently of each other.
1 . A cryogenic cooling system, comprising:
a vacuum chamber,
a first support system for cold plates in said vacuum chamber,
a second support system for heat radiation shields in said vacuum chamber,
coupled to said first support system and supported by the first support system, said cold plates comprise a plurality of cold plates being mutually parallel and displaced from each other in a first direction, said first direction being defined as the direction perpendicular to a surface of said plurality of cold plates,
coupled to said second support system and supported by the second support system, said heat radiation shields comprise a plurality of heat radiation shields at least partially nested, each of said heat radiation shields being configured to shield a respective subspace adjacent to a corresponding one of said cold plates;
wherein:
at least a first cold plate of said cold plates is a modular cold plate comprising two or more sections adjacent to each other on a same level in said first direction, wherein mutually adjacent edges of said sections of the modular cold plate do not touch each other, and said sections being coupled to said first support system independently of each other.
2 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 1 , wherein:
said plurality of cold plates comprises an ordered sequence of cold plates configured to be held at temperatures that form a respective monotonically decreasing series from a highest temperature to a lowest temperature, and
at least one cold plate higher up in said ordered sequence of cold plates is removable from said first support system without removing any of the cold plates below it in said ordered sequence of cold plates.
3 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 1 , wherein a coupling member couples said mutually adjacent edges of said sections to each other.
4 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 1 , wherein one of said heat radiation shields that shields a subspace adjacent to said modular cold plate is thermally insulated from at least one of said sections.
5 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 1 , comprising a first dedicated cold source configured to cool at least some of said plurality of heat radiation shields without cooling any of said plurality of cold plates, and a second dedicated cold source configured to cool at least some of said plurality of cold plates without cooling any of said plurality of heat radiation shields.
6 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 1 , wherein:
the cryogenic cooling system comprises a first dilution refrigerator and a second dilution refrigerator,
said first dilution refrigerator is configured to cool a first subsection of a target region located on one of said plurality of cold plates, and
said second dilution refrigerator is configured to cool a second subsection, thermally insulated from said first subsection, of said target region.
7 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 1 , wherein the vacuum chamber has a top, a bottom, and a plurality of connected side surfaces between said top and bottom, at least one of said plurality of connected side surfaces being a flat surface.
8 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 1 , wherein:
said vacuum chamber is a first vacuum chamber, constituting a first vacuum module in which said first support system and said second support system are located,
said plurality of cold plates is a first plurality of cold plates, located in said first vacuum chamber and supported by said first support system,
said plurality of heat radiation shields is a first plurality of heat radiation shields, located in said first vacuum chamber and supported by said second support system,
the cryogenic cooling system comprises a second vacuum chamber, a third support system for a second plurality of cold plates in said second vacuum chamber, and a fourth support system for a second plurality of heat radiation shields in said second vacuum chamber,
the cryogenic cooling system comprises, coupled to said third support system and supported by said third support system, said second plurality of cold plates being mutually parallel and displaced from each other in said first direction,
the cryogenic cooling system comprises, coupled to said fourth support system and supported by said fourth support system, said second plurality of heat radiation shields at least partially nested, each of said heat radiation shields being configured to shield a respective subspace adjacent to a corresponding one of said second plurality of cold plates
the cryogenic cooling system comprises at least one mutual coupling that is at least one of: an opening connecting said first vacuum chamber and said second vacuum chambers together into a common vacuum space; a thermally conductive connection between a heat radiation shield of the first plurality of heat radiation shields and a heat radiation shield of the second plurality of heat radiation shields; and a thermally conductive connection between a cold plate of the first plurality of cold plates and a cold plate of the second plurality of cold plates.
9 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 3 , wherein said coupling member comprises at least one of:
a stainless steel strip,
a thermal coupling block, or
a shelf support that is part of said first support system and supports said sections by their adjacent edges.
10 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 6 , wherein:
said first subsection of the target region comprises a thermalization stage of connections between the target region and parts warmer than the target region of the cryogenic cooling system, and
said second subsection of the target region comprises a payload area.
11 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 7 , wherein the vacuum chamber has a constant polygonal cross section in a plane perpendicular to said first direction.
12 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 11 , wherein at least a subset of said plurality of heat radiation shields have a cross section that is the same shape as a cross section of said vacuum chamber.
13 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 12 , wherein at least one of said subset of the heat radiation shields comprises sheet portions releasably coupled to the second support system and to each other.
14 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 8 , wherein:
each of the first vacuum chamber and second vacuum chambers has a top, a bottom, and a plurality of connected side surfaces between said top and bottom, at least one side surface in each of the first vacuum chamber and second vacuum chambers being a flat surface,
the first vacuum chamber and second vacuum chambers are adjacent to each other, with said flat side surfaces against each other, and
said mutual coupling goes through an interface of which said flat side surfaces are a part.
15 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 8 , wherein said first vacuum chamber and second vacuum chambers share at least one common external support system, which comprises at least one of: mechanical support, vacuum pumps, circulation system of gases, circulation system of cryogenic liquids, operating power, control electronics, communication connections.
16 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 14 , wherein:
the first vacuum chamber and second vacuum chambers have said flat side surfaces directly connected to each other, and
openings in said flat side surfaces convey said mutual coupling.
17 . The cryogenic cooling system according to claim 14 , wherein:
the first vacuum chamber and second vacuum chambers are located with said flat side surfaces facing each other at a distance, and
one or more conduits between said flat side surfaces convey said mutual coupling.
18 . A cryogenic cooling system, comprising:
a first vacuum chamber, constituting a first vacuum module,
a first support system for cold plates in said first vacuum chamber,
coupled to said first support system and supported by the first support system, said cold plates comprising a first plurality of mutually parallel cold plates displaced from each other in a first direction, said first direction being defined as the direction perpendicular to a surface of said first plurality of mutually parallel cold plates, wherein a first cold plate of said first plurality of mutually parallel cold plates is a modular cold plate comprising two or more sections adjacent to each other on a same level in said first direction, wherein mutually adjacent edges of said sections of the modular cold plate do not touch each other,
a second vacuum chamber, constituting a second vacuum module,
a second support system for second cold plates in said second vacuum chamber,
coupled to said second support system and supported by the second support system, said second cold plates comprising a second plurality of mutually parallel cold plates displaced from each other in said first direction, and
at least one mutual coupling that is at least one of: an opening connecting said first and second vacuum modules together to form a common vacuum space; a thermally conductive connection between a cold plate of the first plurality of cold plates and a cold plate of the second plurality of cold plates.