Device for analyzing a fluid in a sample and related method
The device includes a first X-ray source, configured to illuminating a measurement cell with a first beam of X photons; a first detector, placed opposite the first X-ray source along a first illumination axis; a second X-ray source, configured to illuminating the measurement cell with a second beam of X photons simultaneously with the first X-ray source; a second detector, placed opposite the second X-ray source along a second illumination axis; and a tray carrying the first X-ray source, the first detector, the second X-ray source, and the second detector, the tray being rotatable around the cell axis.
1 . A device to analyze a fluid in a sample, comprising:
a measurement cell configured to receive a sample of a porous medium containing a fluid comprising one or more phases, the measurement cell extending along a cell axis;
a first X-ray source, configured to illuminate the measurement cell with a first beam of X photons, the first beam extending along a first illumination axis;
a first detector, placed opposite the first X-ray source along the first illumination axis, the measurement cell being interposed between the first X-ray source and the first detector, the first beam being configured to illuminate a volume of the sample without relative movement between the first X-ray source and the sample, the first detector comprising a plurality of sensing areas configured to detect X photons arising from different points in the volume of the sample;
a second X-ray source, configured to illuminate the measurement cell with a second beam of X photons simultaneously with the first X-ray source, the second beam extending along a second illumination axis distinct from the first illumination axis;
a second detector, placed opposite the second X-ray source along the second illumination axis, the measurement cell being interposed between the second detector and the second X-ray source, the second X-ray source being configured to illuminate a volume of the sample, without relative movement between the second X-ray source and the sample, the second detector comprising a plurality of sensing areas configured to detect X-rays arising from different points in the volume of the sample, simultaneously with the first detector; and
a tray carrying the first X-ray source, the first detector, the second X-ray source, and the second detector, the tray being rotatable around the cell axis.
2 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the tray is rotatable around the cell axis over an angular range smaller than 380°.
3 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the first X-ray source comprises a first controller, configured to control the energy of the X photons of the first beam to a first maximum energy, and the second X-ray source comprising a second controller, configured to control the energy of the X photons of the second beam to a second maximum energy distinct from the first maximum energy.
4 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the first beam and the second beam are configured to illuminate the whole sample contained in the measurement cell without relative movement between the first and second X-ray sources and the sample, the sensing areas of the first detector and the second detector being configured to detect X-rays arising from points spread in the volume of the sample and outside the sample.
5 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the first X-ray source and the second X-ray source are permanently active.
6 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid comprises at least a liquid phase and a gas phase, the device comprising an analyzer configured to determine a phase composition of the fluid at a plurality of positions in the sample, based on signals simultaneously detected by sensing areas of the first detector and the second detector.
7 . The device according to claim 6 , wherein the analyzer comprises a calculator configured to acquire sensed data detected by sensing areas of the first detector and the second detector taken at successive angular measurement positions of the tray around the cell axis and to form a three-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample based on the sensed data acquired at the successive angular measurement positions of the tray.
8 . The device according to claim 7 , wherein the analyzer is configured to determine at each successive angular position of the tray around the cell axis, for each of the first detector and the second detector, at least a bi-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample from the sensed data, the three-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample being obtained from the successive bi-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample.
9 . The device according to claim 8 , wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate a back projection of each bi-dimensional map at each angular position in the volume occupied by the sample and to integrate the calculated back projections into the volume occupied by the sample to obtain the three-dimensional map.
10 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the first detector and the second detector each comprise a bi-dimensional array of sensing areas configured to selectively detect X photons arising from different points in the volume of the sample without relative movement between the first and second X-ray sources and the sample.
11 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first detector and the second detector comprises a shield to attenuate diffused photons arising from the at least one of the first detector and the second detector.
12 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement cell contains, in addition to the sample, at least a calibration block having a through orifice configured to be filled with the fluid which flows in the measurement cell to impregnate the sample and/or which flows out of the measurement cell from the sample, the first beam and the second beam being configured to illuminate the through orifice simultaneously with the sample without relative movement between the first X-ray source, the second X-ray source and the sample.
13 . A method to analyze a fluid in a sample, comprising:
providing a device according to claim 1 , the measurement cell containing a sample of porous medium containing a fluid;
simultaneously illuminating at least a volume of the sample by the first beam and by the second beam, at least one angular measurement position of the tray around the cell axis;
selectively detecting X-rays arising respectively from the first beam and from the second beam at a plurality of sensing areas respectively of the first detector and the second detector to obtain first sensed data sensed by the first detector and second sensed data sensed by the second detector; and
determining a local property of the fluid at a plurality of positions in the sample, based on the first sensed data and the second sensed data.
14 . The method according to claim 13 , comprising rotating the tray at a plurality of successive angular measurement positions around the cell axis, and for each angular measurement position repeating:
simultaneously illuminating at least a volume of the sample by the first beam and by the second beam;
selectively detecting X-rays arising respectively from the first beam and from the second beam at a plurality of sensing areas of respectively the first detector and the second detector to obtain the first sensed data sensed by the first detector and the second sensed data sensed by the second detector; and
the method comprising calculating a local property of the fluid at a plurality of three-dimensional positions in the sample, based on the first sensed data and the second sensed data obtained at the plurality of successive angular measurement positions.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the device comprises an analyzer, the analyzer determining a phase composition of the fluid at a plurality of positions in the sample, based on the first sensed data and the second sensed data simultaneously detected by sensing areas of the first detector and the second detector, the analyzer comprising a calculator forming a three-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample based on the signals acquired at the successive angular measurement positions of the tray, and
the calculator determining at each successive angular position of the tray around the cell axis, for each of the first detector and the second detector, at least a bi-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample, the three-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample being obtained from the successive bi-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample.
16 . The method according to claim 15 , wherein the calculator calculates a back projection of each bi-dimensional map at each angular position in the volume occupied by the sample and integrates the calculated back projections into the volume occupied by the sample to obtain the three-dimensional map.
17 . The method according to claim 13 , comprising acquiring, at successive measurement times, the first sensed data from the first detector, and the second sensed data from the second detector, without rotation of the tray around the rotation axis.
18 . The method according to claim 13 , comprising controlling the first X-ray source to emit the first beam having a first maximum energy, and simultaneously controlling the second X-ray source to emit the second beam with a second maximum energy different from the first maximum energy, the method further comprising determining a composition in at least three phases of the fluid, at a plurality of positions in the volume of the sample based on the first sensed data and the second sensed data.
19 . A device for analyzing a fluid in a sample, comprising:
a measurement cell configured to receive a sample of a porous medium containing a fluid comprising one or more phases, the measurement cell extending along a cell axis;
a first X-ray source, configured to illuminate the measurement cell with a first beam of X photons, the first beam extending along a first illumination axis;
a first detector, placed opposite the first X-ray source along the first illumination axis, the measurement cell being interposed between the first X-ray source and the first detector, the first beam being configured to illuminate at least a volume of the sample without relative movement between the first X-ray source and the sample, the first detector comprising a plurality of sensing areas capable of detecting X photons arising from different points in the volume of the sample;
the first X-ray source and the first detector being rotatable with regards to the measurement cell around the cell axis;
the fluid comprising at least a liquid phase and a gas phase, the device comprising an analyzer configured to determine a composition of the fluid at least in the liquid phase and the gas phase at a plurality of positions in the sample, based on sensed data detected by sensing areas of the first detector;
the analyzer comprising a calculator configured to acquire the sensed data detected by sensing areas of the first detector, taken at successive angular measurement positions around the cell axis, the calculator being configured to determine at each successive angular position around the cell axis, at least a bi-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample; and
the calculator being configured to form a three-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample from the successive bi-dimensional map of fluid composition in the sample.
20 . The device according to claim 19 , wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate a back projection of each bi-dimensional map at each angular position around the cell axis, in the volume occupied by the sample and to sum the calculated back projections in the volume occupied by the sample to obtain the three-dimensional map.