Image sensor and distance measuring sensor

1 . A distance measuring sensor comprising:

a light emitter configured to output a first optical signal;

a pixel array configured to receive a second optical signal caused by reflection of the first optical signal from an object;

processing circuitry configured to calculate a distance between the light emitter and the object based on an output of the pixel array; and

a variable voltage source, and

the pixel array includes,

a photo diode including a first end connected to a ground voltage and a second end connected to a first node, and

a first photo gate and a second photo gate, each connected to the first node, and

the processing circuitry is further configured to,

control the variable voltage source to apply a first voltage to the first node and control the light emitter to output the first optical signal for a first period in response to the calculated distance between the light emitter and the object being larger than a first threshold distance, and

control the variable voltage source to apply no voltage to the first node and control the light emitter to output the first optical signal for a second period in response to the calculated distance between the light emitter and the object being smaller than the first threshold distance,

wherein the first period is longer than the second period.

2 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:

set a sensing interval of the pixel array for sensing the second optical signal to a first sensing interval in response to the calculated distance between the light emitter and the object being larger than the first threshold distance; and

set the sensing interval of the pixel array for sending the second optical signal to a second sensing interval in response to the calculated distance between the light emitter and the object being smaller larger than the first threshold distance; and

the first sensing interval is smaller than the second sensing interval.

3 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 1 , wherein the pixel array is further configured to:

output a first charge amount in response to the first voltage being applied to the first node;

output a second charge amount in response to the voltage not being applied to the first node; and

the first charge amount is larger than the second charge amount.

4 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 1 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:

set a phase of a first gate signal applied to the first photo gate to be the same as a phase of the first optical signal; and

set a phase of a second gate signal applied to the second photo gate to have a phase difference of 90 degrees from the first gate signal.

5 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 1 , wherein

the pixel array further includes a third photo gate and a fourth photo gate, each connected to the first node; and

the processing circuitry is further configured to,

set a phase of a first gate signal applied to the first photo gate to be the same as a phase of the first optical signal,

set a phase of a second gate signal applied to the second photo gate to have a phase difference of 90 degrees from the first gate signal,

set a phase of a third gate signal applied to the third photo gate to have a phase difference of 90 degrees from the second gate signal, and

set a phase of a fourth gate signal applied to the fourth photo gate to have a phase difference of 90 degrees from the third gate signal.

6 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first voltage has a level that is greater than +10V or less than −10V.

7 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 1 , wherein the variable voltage source is separate from the pixel array.

8 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 1 , wherein the variable voltage source is included in the pixel array.

9 . An image sensor comprising:

a first pixel which includes a plurality of first photo gates and a plurality of first photo diodes below the plurality of first photo gates;

a second pixel which includes a plurality of second photo gates and a plurality of second photo diodes below the plurality of second photo gates;

a light emitter;

processing circuitry; and

a switch which is separated from the first and second pixels and connected between the first and second photo diodes and a voltage source, and

the switch being configured to,

apply a voltage to the first and second photo diodes in a first switch mode, and

not apply a voltage to the first and second photo diodes in a second switch mode; and

the first and second photo diodes are configured to output a larger amount of charges in response to the applied voltage than in response to no applied voltage,

wherein the processing circuitry is configured to

calculate a distance between the light emitter and an object;

control the light emitter to output a first optical signal for a first period in response to the calculated distance between the light emitter and the object being larger than a first threshold distance, and

control the light emitter to output the first optical signal for a second period in response to the calculated distance between the light emitter and the object being smaller than the first threshold distance, and

wherein the first period is longer than the second period.

10 . The image sensor of claim 9 , wherein

the first and second pixels are on a first substrate; and

the voltage source is on a second substrate below the first substrate.

11 . The image sensor of claim 9 , wherein the first and second pixels are configured to operate simultaneously based on a voltage output by the switch.

12 . The image sensor of claim 9 , wherein the first and second pixels are configured to:

operate using a first sensing interval in response to the switch being turned off; and

operate using a second sensing interval in response to the switch being turned on, and

the first sensing interval is larger than the second sensing interval.

13 . The image sensor of claim 9 , further comprising:

processing circuitry connected to the first pixel and the second pixel, and

the processing circuitry is configured to,

calculate the distance based on signals output from the first pixel and the second pixel; and

determine whether the calculated distance corresponds to a first distance imaging mode or a second distance imaging mode, the first distance imaging mode corresponding to a farther distance than the second distance imaging mode.

14 . The image sensor of claim 9 , wherein the voltage source is configured to output a voltage having a level greater than +10V or less than −10V.

15 . A distance measuring sensor comprising:

a light emitter configured to output a first optical signal;

a pixel array configured to receive a second optical signal caused by reflection of the first optical signal from an object;

processing circuitry configured to

calculate a distance between the light emitter and the object from an output of the pixel array;

control the light emitter to output the first optical signal for a first period in response to the calculated distance between the light emitter and the object being larger than a first threshold distance, and

control the light emitter to output the first optical signal for a second period in response to the calculated distance between the light emitter and the object being smaller than the first threshold distance; and

a variable voltage source,

wherein the first period is longer than the second period,

wherein the pixel array includes,

a photoelectric conversion unit that includes a substrate and a doping region, the substrate being doped with a first impurity and which has a ground voltage, and the doping region being doped with a second impurity different from the first impurity, and the photoelectric conversion unit is configured to convert the second optical signal into an electric signal, and

a photo gate on the doping region and connected to the doping region,

wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine whether the calculated distance corresponds to a first distance mode or a second distance mode, wherein the second distance mode corresponds to a second distance farther away than a first distance,

control the variable voltage source to apply a first voltage to the doping region in the first distance mode, and

control the variable voltage source to apply a second voltage to the doping region in the second distance mode, the second voltage having a higher level than the first voltage.

16 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 15 , wherein

the first impurity is a p-type impurity;

the second impurity is an n-type impurity; and

the first and second voltages have a positive level.

17 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 15 , wherein

the first impurity is an n-type impurity;

the second impurity is a p-type impurity; and

the first and second voltages have a negative level.

18 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 15 , wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to control the variable voltage source to apply no voltage to the doping region in a third distance mode.

19 . The distance measuring sensor of claim 18 , wherein

the processing circuitry is further configured to determine whether the calculated distance corresponds to the third distance mode, and

the third distance mode corresponds to a shorter distance than the first distance and second distance.