Systems and methods for quality-controlling seismic datasets

1 . A method, comprising:

using a seismic processing system:

obtaining a first calibration seismic dataset comprising a first quality rating,

obtaining a second calibration seismic dataset comprising a second quality rating;

determining, using a coherency model, a first coherency distribution for the first calibration seismic dataset,

determining, using the coherency model, a second coherency distribution for the second calibration seismic dataset,

determining a coherency threshold based on the first coherency distribution and the second coherency distribution,

determining, based on the coherency threshold and the first coherency distribution, a first quality indicator for the first calibration seismic dataset, and

determining, based on the coherency threshold and the second coherency distribution, a second quality indicator for the second calibration seismic dataset,

acquiring, using a seismic acquisition system configured to measure a velocity of ground motion originating from seismic waves, an integrated seismic dataset comprising a plurality of seismic traces with lateral locations discretizing an acquisition surface of a region of interest, the plurality of seismic traces forming one or more application seismic datasets;

using the seismic processing system:

conducting a quality assessment procedure comprising, for each application seismic dataset:

determining, using the coherency model, an application coherency distribution for the application seismic dataset;

determining, based on the coherency threshold and the application coherency distribution, an application quality indicator for the application seismic dataset; and

determining, for the application seismic dataset, an application quality rating based on the application quality indicator, the first quality indicator, the second quality indicator, the first quality rating and the second quality rating;

determining a pre-processed seismic dataset by pre-processing the integrated seismic dataset based on the application quality rating determined for each application seismic dataset; and

determining, based on the pre-processed seismic dataset, a subsurface property of the region of interest, the subsurface property comprising a migrated seismic image of the region of interest.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the coherency model is configured to:

receive a seismic dataset as input;

compute, using a coherency metric, a plurality of coherency values for the seismic dataset;

normalize the plurality of coherency values based on a range of the plurality of coherency values, thereby generating a plurality of normalized coherency values; and

return, as output, a coherency distribution based on the plurality of normalized coherency values; and

determining a quality indicator for the seismic dataset comprises computing a proportion of the plurality of normalized coherency values that are less than the coherency threshold.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of coherency values is computed using a sliding window over which the coherency metric is calculated.

4 . The method of claim 2 , wherein determining the coherency threshold comprises performing a visual selection, comprising:

plotting a first graph of the first coherency distribution;

plotting a second graph of the second coherency distribution; and

selecting the coherency threshold based on a visual inspection of the first graph and the second graph.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the first application quality rating comprises comparing the first application quality indicator with the first quality indicator and the second quality indicator.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the coherency model comprises a coherency metric comprising a semblance.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the seismic acquisition system comprises a vertical seismic profile (VSP), wherein the first calibration seismic dataset, the second calibration seismic dataset and the integrated seismic dataset are VSP datasets acquired using the VSP acquisition system.

8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

identifying, using a seismic interpretation workstation, a drilling target based on, at least in part, the subsurface property;

planning, using a well planning system, a wellbore trajectory guided by the drilling target, and

drilling, using a drilling system, a wellbore guided by the wellbore trajectory.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein pre-processing includes applying at least one pre-processing step to each application seismic dataset with an application quality rating indicating low quality.

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the quality assessment procedure is conducted in real-time while the integrated seismic dataset is being acquired.

11 . A system, comprising:

a seismic acquisition system configured to measure a velocity of ground motion originating from seismic waves, and

a seismic processing system, configured to:

receive, from a seismic data storage medium, a first calibration seismic dataset comprising a first quality rating;

receive, from the seismic data storage medium, a second calibration seismic dataset comprising a second quality rating; and

receive, from the seismic acquisition system, an integrated seismic dataset comprising a plurality of seismic traces with lateral locations discretizing an acquisition surface of a region of interest, the plurality of seismic traces forming one or more application seismic datasets;

determine, using a coherency model, a first coherency distribution for the first calibration seismic dataset;

determine, using the coherency model, a second coherency distribution for the second calibration seismic dataset;

obtain a coherency threshold based on the first coherency distribution and the second coherency distribution;

determine, based on the coherency threshold and the first coherency distribution, a first quality indicator for the first calibration seismic dataset;

determine, based on the coherency threshold and the second coherency distribution, a second quality indicator for the second calibration seismic dataset;

conduct a quality assessment procedure comprising, for each application seismic dataset:

determining, using the coherency model, an application coherency distribution for the application seismic dataset;

determining, based on the coherency threshold and the application coherency distribution, an application quality indicator for the application seismic dataset; and

determining, for the application seismic dataset, an application quality rating based on the application quality indicator, the first quality indicator, the second quality indicator, the first quality rating and the second quality rating;

determine a pre-processed seismic dataset by pre-processing the integrated seismic dataset based on the application quality rating determined for each application seismic dataset; and

determine, based on the pre-processed seismic dataset, a subsurface property of the region of interest, the subsurface property comprising a migrated seismic image of the region of interest.

12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein:

the coherency model is configured to:

receive a seismic dataset as input;

compute, using a coherency metric, a plurality of coherency values for the seismic dataset;

normalize the plurality of coherency values based on a range of the plurality of coherency values, thereby generating a plurality of normalized coherency values; and

return, as output, a coherency distribution based on the plurality of normalized coherency values; and

determining a quality indicator for the seismic dataset comprises computing a proportion of the plurality of normalized coherency values that are less than the coherency threshold.

13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of coherency values is computed using a sliding window over which the coherency metric is calculated.

14 . The system of claim 12 , wherein:

the seismic processing system is further configured to:

plot a first graph of the first coherency distribution; and

plot a second graph of the second coherency distribution, and

the coherency threshold is selected based on a visual inspection of the first graph and the second graph.

15 . The system of claim 11 , wherein determining the first application quality rating comprises comparing the first application quality indicator with the first quality indicator and the second quality indicator.

16 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the coherency model comprises a coherency metric comprising a semblance.

17 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the seismic acquisition system comprises a vertical seismic profile (VSP) acquisition system, wherein the first calibration seismic dataset, the second calibration seismic dataset and the integrated seismic dataset are VSP datasets acquired using the VSP acquisition system.

18 . The system of claim 11 , further comprising:

a seismic interpretation workstation configured to identify a drilling target based on, at least in part, the subsurface property;

a well planning system configured to plan a wellbore trajectory guided by the drilling target, and

a drilling system configured to drill a wellbore guided by the wellbore trajectory.

19 . The system of claim 11 , wherein pre-processing includes applying at least one pre-processing step to each application seismic dataset with an application quality rating indicating low quality.

20 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the quality assessment procedure is conducted in real-time while the integrated seismic dataset is being acquired.