Freeform eyepiece
In one example, an eyepiece has a one-piece shape that is solid and rotationally asymmetric. The eyepiece includes first, second and third surfaces at least partially defining the one-piece shape. The first surface is configured to receive a spatially modulated light beam. The second surface is configured to internally reflect the spatially modulated light beam toward the third surface. The third surface is configured to reflect the spatially modulated light beam toward and through the second surface. Transmission of the spatially modulated light beam through the second surface concentrates the spatially modulated light beam.
1 . A display system, comprising:
a light source configured to emit a light beam;
a spatial light modulator configured to receive and spatially modulate the light beam;
a total internal reflection (TIR) prism having a first face, a second face, and a third face, the TIR prism configured to receive the spatially modulated light beam through the first face, direct the spatially modulated light beam to the second face, redirect the spatially modulated light beam from the second face to the first face, and redirect the spatially modulated light beam from the first face through the third face;
a freeform eyepiece having a one-piece, solid, rotationally-asymmetric shape including first, second, and third surfaces, the freeform eyepiece configured to:
receive through the first surface the spatially modulated light beam redirected by the TIR prism;
internally reflect the spatially modulated light beam off the second surface toward the third surface;
internally reflect the spatially modulated light beam off the third surface toward the second surface; and
transmit the spatially modulated light beam through the second surface, the transmission of the spatially modulated light beam through the second surface concentrating the spatially modulated light beam; and
a waveguide configured to receive the light beam transmitted by the freeform eyepiece and transmit the received light beam to a reflective surface of a wearable eye lens,
wherein at least one of:
the first surface of the freeform eyepiece has an extended polynomial shape convex with respect to an exterior,
the second surface of the freeform eyepiece has an extended polynomial shape convex with respect to the exterior, and
the third surface of the freeform eyepiece has a biconic Zernike shape.
2 . The display system of claim 1 , wherein the display system is a wearable near eye display system.
3 . The display system of claim 1 , wherein:
the second surface has a maximum end-to-end length greater than a maximum end-to-end length of the third surface; and
a minimum distance between the third surface and the spatial light modulator is less than a minimum distance between the second surface and the spatial light modulator.
4 . The display system of claim 1 , wherein:
the second surface has a maximum end-to-end length greater than a maximum end-to-end length of the third surface; and
a minimum distance between the second surface and the spatial light modulator is less than a minimum distance between the third surface and the spatial light modulator.
5 . The display system of claim 1 , wherein the TIR prism is a first TIR prism and further comprising a second TIR prism configured to receive and internally reflect the spatially modulated light beam transmitted through the second surface.
6 . An eyepiece comprising:
first, second and third surfaces at least partially defining the one-piece shape, in which the first surface has an extended polynomial shape convex with respect to an exterior, the second surface has an extended polynomial shape convex with respect to the exterior, and the third surface has a biconic Zernike shape, in which the first surface is configured to receive a spatially modulated light beam, the second surface is configured to internally reflect the spatially modulated light beam toward the third surface, the third surface is configured to reflect the spatially modulated light beam toward and through the second surface, wherein transmission of the spatially modulated light beam through the second surface concentrates the spatially modulated light beam, wherein the first, second, and third surfaces define a structure that is of one-piece and rotationally asymmetric.
7 . The eyepiece of claim 6 , wherein the eyepiece comprises plastic.
8 . The eyepiece of claim 6 , wherein the eyepiece comprises glass.
9 . The eyepiece of claim 6 , wherein the eyepiece is injection molded.
10 . The eyepiece of claim 6 , wherein the eyepiece is machined.
11 . The eyepiece of claim 6 , wherein the second surface has a maximum end-to-end length greater than a maximum end-to-end length of the third surface.
12 . The eyepiece of claim 6 , wherein the eyepiece has a height within a range of 6.8 mm to 9.3 mm and a width within a range of 7.7 mm to 9.3 mm.
13 . The eyepiece of claim 6 , wherein the spatially modulated light beam concentrated and transmitted by the eyepiece has a diagonal field of view of at least 40 degrees.
14 . The eyepiece of claim 6 , wherein the spatially modulated light beam concentrated and transmitted by the eyepiece has a negative distortion within the range of −8.8% to zero.
15 . The eyepiece of claim 6 , wherein the spatially modulated light beam concentrated and transmitted by the eyepiece has a negative distortion within the range of −8.2% to zero.
16 . The eyepiece of claim 6 , wherein the spatially modulated light beam concentrated and transmitted by the eyepiece has a negative distortion within the range of −2.0% to zero.
17 . A display system, comprising:
a total internal reflection (TIR) prism having a first face, a second face, and a third face, the TIR prism configured to receive a light beam through the first face, direct the spatially modulated light beam to the second face, redirect the spatially modulated light beam from the second face to the first face, and redirect the spatially modulated light beam from the first face through the third face;
a spatial light modulator optically coupled to the TIR prism and configured to receive and spatially modulate the light beam redirected by the TIR prism; and
a freeform eyepiece having a one-piece, solid, rotationally-asymmetric shape including first, second, and third surfaces, the freeform eyepiece optically coupled to the spatial light modulator and configured to:
receive through the first surface the spatially modulated light beam;
internally reflect the spatially modulated light beam off the second surface toward the third surface;
internally reflect the spatially modulated light beam off the third surface toward the second surface; and
transmit the spatially modulated light beam through the second surface, the transmission of the spatially modulated light beam through the second surface concentrating the spatially modulated light beam
wherein at least one of:
the first surface of the freeform eyepiece has an extended polynomial shape convex with respect to an exterior,
the second surface of the freeform eyepiece has an extended polynomial shape convex with respect to the exterior, and
the third surface of the freeform eyepiece has a biconic Zernike shape.
18 . The display system of claim 17 , wherein:
the second surface has a maximum end-to-end length greater than a maximum end-to-end length of the third surface; and
a minimum distance between the third surface and the spatial light modulator is less than a minimum distance between the second surface and the spatial light modulator.
19 . The display system of claim 17 , wherein:
the second surface has a maximum end-to-end length greater than a maximum end-to-end length of the third surface; and
a minimum distance between the second surface and the spatial light modulator is less than a minimum distance between the third surface and the spatial light modulator.
20 . The display system of claim 17 , wherein the display system is a wearable near eye display system.