Watertight spline modeling for additive manufacturing
Methods and computer systems for utilizing gapless surface models in computer-aided design (CAD) applications to produce printing instructions for additive manufacturing (AM). A geometrically watertight CAD spline model of an object to be printed is received. For of a plurality of AM layers of the object, an intersection routine is performed of a plane of the layer with the geometrically watertight CAD spline model to obtain a respective smooth contour curve. For each AM layer, a plurality of hatch curves is determined within the plane of the layer and interior to the respective smooth contour curve. The smooth contour curves and the pluralities of hatch curves are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium.
1 . A non-transitory computer-readable memory medium storing program instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
receive a geometrically watertight computer-aided design (CAD) spline model of an object;
for each of a plurality of respective layers of the object:
perform an intersection routine of a respective plane of the layer with the geometrically watertight CAD spline model to directly determine a respective smooth contour curve, wherein, for each of the plurality of respective layers, the smooth contour curve comprises a spline curve representing an intersection of the respective plane of the respective layer with the geometrically watertight CAD spline model; and
determine a respective plurality of hatch curves within the respective plane and interior to the respective smooth contour curve;
store the smooth contour curves and the pluralities of hatch curves in the non-transitory computer-readable memory medium; and
provide printing instructions to an additive manufacturing (AM) printer to sequentially deposit AM material on each of the plurality of layers according to the smooth contour curves and the pluralities of hatch curves.
2 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
for each of the plurality of respective layers of the object:
determine a respective polyline to approximate the respective smooth contour curve, wherein knot locations in the respective polyline are selected to reduce a discrepancy between the respective polyline and the respective smooth contour curve; and
store the polylines in the non-transitory computer-readable memory medium.
3 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
determine the AM printing instructions for printing the object based at least in part on the smooth contour curves and the pluralities of hatch curves.
4 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
receive a sampling resolution from the AM printer; and
determine the AM printing instructions for printing the object based at least in part on the sampling resolution, the smooth contour curves and the pluralities of hatch curves.
5 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 ,
wherein the AM printing instructions comprise one or more of position data, velocity data, and acceleration data,
wherein one or more of the position data, the velocity data, and the acceleration data are directly derived from the smooth contour curves and the hatch curves.
6 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 ,
wherein, for each of the plurality of respective layers of the object:
the respective plurality of hatch curves is determined based at least in part on the respective smooth contour curve, wherein hatch curves of the respective plurality of hatch curves terminate a predetermined distance away from the respective smooth contour curve.
7 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
receive, from the AM printer, a distance between adjacent layers of the object.
8 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
determine a CAD boundary representation (B-rep) model of the object based at least in part on the geometrically watertight CAD spline model; and
determine one or more physical properties of the object based at least in part on the CAD B-rep model and the smooth contour curves.
9 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 ,
wherein the smooth contour curves are translatable into a CAD boundary representation (B-rep) model of the object.
10 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 ,
wherein the geometrically watertight CAD spline model comprises one of:
a non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) model;
a T-spline model;
an S-spline model;
a U-spline model;
a subdivision (Sub-D) surface model; or
a basis spline (B-spline) model.
11 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
for each of the plurality of respective layers of the object:
determine one or more respective offset contour curves based at least in part on a respective smooth contour curve of the respective layer, wherein the respective offset contour curves are at predetermined distances interior to the object from the respective smooth contour curve.
12 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
receive metadata related to AM production of the object; and
associate the metadata with characteristics of one or both of the smooth contour curves and the hatch curves.
13 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 12 , wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
utilize the metadata to modify one or both of the smooth contour curves and the hatch curves.
14 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 13 , wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
utilize one or both of the modified smooth contour curves and the hatch curves to modify the geometrically watertight CAD spline model.
15 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 13 ,
wherein the geometrically watertight CAD spline model is based on a CAD boundary representation (B-rep) model of the object, wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
utilize one or both of the modified smooth contour curves or the modified hatch curves to modify the CAD B-rep model.
16 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the processor to:
write a software file based at least in part on the smooth contour curves and the hatch curves, wherein the software file comprises printing instructions that are directly readable by an AM printer, or
store the smooth contour curves and the hatch curves in an intermediate file format that is readable by the AM printer to be converted into the printing instructions.
17 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 ,
wherein the smooth contour curves are gapless.
18 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 , wherein the AM printer operates by utilizing one of:
laser or electron beam powder bed fusion
selective laser melting,
selective laser sintering,
direct metal laser sintering,
laser, arc, or electron beam direct energy deposition (DED),
binder jetting,
sheet lamination,
material extrusion,
material jetting, or
vat photopolymerization.
19 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory medium of claim 1 ,
wherein the AM material comprises one or more of a metal, plastic, clay, concrete, sand, glass, ceramic, polymer, resin, epoxy, and composite material.
20 . A method, comprising:
for each of a plurality of respective layers of an object:
performing an intersection routine of a respective plane of the layer with a geometrically watertight computer-aided design (CAD) spline model of the object to directly determine a respective smooth contour curve, wherein, for each of the plurality of respective layers, the smooth contour curve comprises a spline curve representing an intersection of the respective plane of the respective layer with the geometrically watertight CAD spline model; and
determining a respective plurality of hatch curves within the respective plane and interior to the respective smooth contour curve;
storing the smooth contour curves and the pluralities of hatch curves in a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium; and
sequentially depositing additive manufacturing (AM) material on each of the plurality of layers according to the smooth contour curves and the pluralities of hatch curves.