Photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus and performing optical multiplexing

1 . A photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus for performing optical multiplexing, the photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus comprising:

a first laser that produces first laser light and communicates the first laser light to a first optical switch;

the first optical switch in optical communication with the first laser and that:

receives the first laser light from the first laser,

produces a first switched laser light from the first laser light with the first optical switch in a first switch state,

communicates the first switched laser light to a first sensor head during the first switch state,

switches from the first switch state to a second switch state,

produces a second switched laser light from the first laser light with the first optical switch in a second switch state, and

communicates the second switched laser light to a second sensor head during the second switch state,

such that the first optical switch optically switches the first laser light from the first laser to a selected sensor head and subsequently to a different sensor head; and

a plurality of sensor heads, each sensor head being configured to measure a respective physical property of a plurality of cold atoms disposed in the sensor head, such that the plurality of sensor heads comprises the first sensor head and the second sensor head,

wherein the second switched laser light is used for at least one of cooling, trapping, or probing the plurality of cold atoms.

2 . The photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a control unit that:

receives a plurality of measurement signals from the plurality of sensor heads in response to individual sensor heads receiving the switched laser light;

controls, by a control signal, the first optical switch to optically switch the first laser light from the first laser to the selected sensor head in accordance with the plurality of measurement signals;

measures the respective physical property of the selected sensor head using the switched laser light; and

generates a plurality of measurement outputs based on the measured physical properties.

3 . The photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

a second laser in optical communication with the first optical switch and that produces and communicates second laser light to the first optical switch; and

an optical splitter optically interposed between the first laser and the first optical switch and optically interposed between the second optical switch and the first optical switch,

such that the optical splitter:

receives the first laser light from the first laser and the second laser light from the second laser, and

communicates the first laser light and the second laser light to the first optical switch,

wherein the first optical switch:

receives the first and second laser lights from the optical splitter,

produces the first switched laser light comprising the first and second laser lights with the optical switch in the first switch state,

communicates the first switched laser light to the first sensor head during the first switch state,

switches from the first switch state to the second switch state,

produces the second switched laser light comprising the first and second laser lights with the optical switch in the second switch state, and

communicates the second switched laser light to the second sensor head during the second switch state.

4 . The photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising:

a second optical switch in optical communication with the optical splitter, such that the optical splitter communicates the first laser light and the second laser light to the second optical switch, and the second optical switch:

receives the first and second laser lights from the optical splitter,

produces a plurality of switched laser lights comprising the first and second laser lights,

communicates the individual switched laser lights to each sensor head of a second plurlaity of sensor head during separate switch states of the second optical switch in response to switching among the separate switch states; and

the second plurality of sensor heads, each sensor head being configured to measure a respective physical property of a plurality of cold atoms disposed in the sensor head.

5 . The photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising:

a second optical switch in optical communication with a third laser and the plurality of sensor heads, such that that second optical switch:

receives a third laser light from the third laser,

produces a second plurality of switched laser lights comprising the third laser light, and

communicates the individual switched laser lights of the second plurality of switched laser lights to each sensor head of the plurlaity of sensor heads during separate switch states of the second optical switch in response to switching among the separate switch states,

wherein each sensor head, individually and during a spearate time associated with the switch states of the second optical switch, receives a separate switched laser light of the second plurality of switched laser lights and measures the respective physical property of the plurality of cold atoms disposed in the sensor head through receiving a combination of switched laser lights from the first optical switch and the second optical switch.

6 . The photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensor heads are configured to measure different physical properties.

7 . The photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensor heads are configured to measure the same physical property.

8 . The photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor heads are multiplexed in time.

9 . The photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor heads are multiplexed in wavelength.

10 . The photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sensor heads comprise an atom interferometer, a vacuum pressure sensor, an inertial sensor, an optical clock, a microwave clock, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing sensor heads.

11 . The photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus is configured to measure a property of cold atoms that is a function of time or that is a function of wavelength.

12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical switch is an acousto-optic modulators, an electro-optic modulator, or a liquid crystal modulator.

13 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the property of cold atoms is vacuum pressure, inertial forces, gravitational acceleration, time, or frequency.

14 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of selecting a sensor head is performed in a time-division multiplexing scheme or in a wavelength-division multiplexing scheme.

15 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of measuring the property of cold atoms is performed by detecting the light that is scattered from the cold atoms.

16 . The process of claim 4 , wherein the step of measuring the property of cold atoms is performed by detecting an absorption of light by the cold atoms.

17 . The process of claim 4 , wherein the step of measuring the property of cold atoms is performed by detecting fluorescence of the cold atoms.

18 . The process of claim 4 , wherein the step of measuring the property of cold atoms is performed by detecting ionization of the cold atoms.

19 . A photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus comprising:

a laser for producing laser light;

an optical switch in optical communication with the laser and configured to optically switch the laser light to a selected sensor head;

a plurality of sensor heads, each sensor head being configured to measure a respective physical property of a plurality of cold atoms disposed in the sensor head; and

a controller configured to control the optical switch to optically switch the laser light to the plurality of sensor heads in a sequence.

20 . A process of operating a photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus, comprising the steps of:

providing a photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus comprising:

a laser for producing laser light;

an optical switch in optical communication with the laser and configured to optically switch the laser light to a selected sensor head;

a plurality of sensor heads, each sensor head being configured to measure a respective physical property of a plurality of cold atoms disposed in the sensor head; and

a controller configured to control the optical switch to optically switch the laser light to the plurality of sensor heads in a sequence;

selecting a sensor head from the plurality of sensor heads;

providing, by the optical switch, switched laser light to the selected sensor head;

measuring the property of cold atoms using the selected sensor head; and

turning off, by the optical switch, the switched laser light to the selected sensor head.