High-speed fault isolation for power sources of a vehicle

1 . A method comprising:

receiving, from a current sensor associated with a power source of a vehicle, a current;

determining a direction of the current relative to the power source;

responsive to determining that the direction of the current relative to the power source is a forward current flowing out of the power source, determining, by an overcurrent monitor, whether the forward current exceeds a forward current threshold for a forward overcurrent detection time period by comparing the current to the forward current threshold;

responsive to determining that the direction of the current relative to the power source is a reverse current flowing into the power source, determining, by the overcurrent monitor, whether the reverse current exceeds a reverse current threshold for a reverse overcurrent detection time period shorter than the forward overcurrent detection time period by comparing the current to the reverse current threshold;

responsive to determining that the forward current exceeds the forward current threshold for the forward overcurrent detection time period, or responsive to determining that the reverse current exceeds the reverse current threshold for the reverse overcurrent detection time period, controlling, using a gate driver, at least one switch associated with the power source to inhibit the current;

detecting a gate driver fault of the gate driver; and

responsive to detecting the gate driver fault of the gate driver, controlling, using the gate driver, the at least one switch associated with the power source to inhibit the current.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the current sensor is disposed in the gate driver.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the gate driver comprises the current sensor, a temperature sense block to receive a temperature from a temperature sensor element, an overcurrent detection block, an overtemperature detection block, a gate drive block, and a control logic.

4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the gate drive block of the gate driver controls the at least one switch associated with the power source.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the overcurrent monitor comprises a first comparator to detect overcurrent in the forward current and a second comparator to detect overcurrent in the reverse current.

6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the overcurrent monitor further comprises a first latch associated with the first comparator to cause a gate drive block of the gate driver to control the at least one switch responsive to determining that the forward current exceeds the forward current threshold for the forward overcurrent detection time period.

7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the overcurrent monitor further comprises a second latch associated with the second comparator to cause the gate drive block of the gate driver to control the at least one switch responsive to determining that the reverse current exceeds the reverse current threshold for the reverse overcurrent detection time period.

8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising transmitting a signal to a microprocessor responsive to determining that the forward current exceeds the forward current threshold for the forward overcurrent detection time period, or responsive to determining that the reverse current exceeds the reverse current threshold for the reverse overcurrent detection time period.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one switch comprises a N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor.

10 . A vehicle comprising:

a power source;

at least one switch associated with the power source; and

a fault detection circuit, wherein the fault detection circuit comprises a gate driver and an overcurrent monitor, the overcurrent monitor performing operations comprising:

receiving, from a current sensor of the gate driver, a current;

determining a direction of the current relative to the power source;

responsive to determining that the direction of the current relative to the power source is a forward current flowing out of the power source, determining whether the forward current exceeds a forward current threshold for a forward overcurrent detection time period by comparing the current to the forward current threshold;

responsive to determining that the direction of the current relative to the power source is a reverse current flowing into the power source, determining whether the reverse current exceeds a reverse current threshold for a reverse overcurrent detection time period shorter than the forward overcurrent detection time period by comparing the current to the reverse current threshold;

responsive to determining that the forward current exceeds the forward current threshold for the forward overcurrent detection time period, or responsive to determining that the reverse current exceeds the reverse current threshold for the reverse overcurrent detection time period, causing the gate driver to control the at least one switch associated with the power source to inhibit the current;

detecting a gate driver fault of the gate driver; and

responsive to detecting the gate driver fault of the gate driver, controlling, using the gate driver, the at least one switch associated with the power source to inhibit the current.

11 . The vehicle of claim 10 , wherein the current sensor is disposed in the gate driver.

12 . The vehicle of claim 11 , wherein the gate driver comprises the current sensor, a temperature sense block to receive a temperature from a temperature sensor element, an overcurrent detection block, an overtemperature detection block, a gate drive block, and a control logic.

13 . The vehicle of claim 12 , wherein the gate drive block of the gate driver controls the at least one switch associated with the power source.

14 . The vehicle of claim 10 , wherein the overcurrent monitor comprises a first comparator to detect overcurrent in the forward current and a second comparator to detect overcurrent in the reverse current.

15 . The vehicle of claim 14 , wherein the overcurrent monitor further comprises a first latch associated with the first comparator to cause a gate drive block of the gate driver to control the at least one switch responsive to determining that the forward current exceeds the forward current threshold for the forward overcurrent detection time period.

16 . The vehicle of claim 15 , wherein the overcurrent monitor further comprises a second latch associated with the second comparator to cause the gate drive block of the gate driver to control the at least one switch responsive to determining that the reverse current exceeds the reverse current threshold for the reverse overcurrent detection time period.

17 . The vehicle of claim 10 , wherein the operations further comprise transmitting a signal to a microprocessor responsive to determining that the forward current exceeds the forward current threshold for the forward overcurrent detection time period, or responsive to determining that the reverse current exceeds the reverse current threshold for the overcurrent detection reverse time period.

18 . An overcurrent monitor for determining a forward overcurrent in a current flowing out of a power source of a vehicle in a forward direction or determining a reverse overcurrent of a current flowing into the power source of the vehicle in a reverse direction, the overcurrent monitor comprising:

a first comparator to detect forward overcurrent by comparing the current flowing out of the power source in the forward direction to a forward current threshold;

a second comparator to detect reverse overcurrent by comparing the current flowing into the power source in the reverse direction to a reverse current threshold;

a first filter to receive a first output of the first comparator and to apply a forward current timing threshold to the first output;

a second filter to receive a second output of the second comparator and to apply a reverse current timing threshold to the second output, the forward current timing threshold being greater than the reverse current timing threshold;

a first latch associated with the first comparator to cause a gate driver to control at least one switch associated with the power source responsive to determining that current flowing out of the power source in the forward direction exceeds the forward current threshold for the forward current timing threshold;

a second latch associated with the second comparator to cause the gate driver to control the at least one switch associated with the power source responsive to determining that current flowing into the power source in the reverse direction exceeds the reverse current threshold for the reverse current timing threshold;

wherein a signal from the overcurrent monitor is used to control a gate driver, wherein responsive to detecting a gate driver fault of the gate driver, the gate driver controls the at least one switch associated with the power source to inhibit the current.

19 . The overcurrent monitor of claim 18 , wherein the first comparator implements comparator positive feedback.

20 . The overcurrent monitor of claim 18 , wherein the second comparator implements comparator positive feedback.