System and method for damping oscillations in power systems

1 . A power oscillation damping controller comprising:

a control block including one or more circuits configured to receive a meter input and transmit a controller output, the meter input including:

i) an active power sub-controller measured value including an evident oscillation component of a power oscillation,

ii) a reactive power sub-controller measured value including an alternative oscillation component of the power oscillation, or

iii) a combination thereof;

the controller output including:

i) an active power component adjustment that configures or results in an evident dampening of the power oscillation, the active power component adjustment calculated based on the active power sub-controller measured value,

ii) a reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in an alternative dampening of the power oscillation, the reactive power component adjustment calculated based on the reactive power sub-controller measured value, or

iii) a combination thereof;

the power oscillation dampening controller being configured to compute a target active power value by adding the active power component adjustment that configures or results in the evident dampening of the power oscillation to a reference active power dispatch value, and compute a target reactive power value by adding the reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in the alternative dampening of the power oscillation to a reference reactive power value; and

the power oscillation dampening controller being configured to output the target active power value and the target reactive power value to a power plant controller for mitigating power drift.

2 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 1 , wherein:

the meter input includes the active power sub-controller measured value and the reactive power sub-controller measured value;

the evident oscillation component is an active power oscillation component of the power oscillation; and

the alternative oscillation component is a reactive power oscillation component of the power oscillation.

3 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 2 , wherein:

the power oscillation damping controller is coupled to an array of batteries.

4 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 2 , wherein:

the power oscillation damping controller is coupled to a power conversion system, operating in grid-following or grid-forming control mode.

5 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 4 , wherein:

the power conversion system is configured to operate in either capacitive or inductive mode of operation based upon the reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in the alternative dampening of the power oscillation.

6 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 4 , wherein:

the electrical power is coupled to an electrical grid; and

the active power sub-controller measured value and the reactive power sub-controller measured value are provided by a meter coupled between the power conversion system and the electrical grid.

7 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 1 , further comprising:

an active gain block configured to receive an active power sub-controller input error signal and transmit an active gain block output;

an active washout filter configured to receive the active gain block output and transmit an active washout filter output;

an active lead-lag compensation filter configured to receive the active washout filter output and transmit an active lead-lag compensation filter output;

an active limiter configured to receive the active lead-lag compensation filter output and transmit the active power component adjustment that configures or results in the evident dampening of the power oscillation.

8 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 7 , wherein:

the active gain block output is based on the active power sub-controller input error signal and an active gain constant;

the active washout filter output is based on the active gain block output and an active washout time constant; and

the active lead-lag compensation filter output is based on the active washout filter output, an active compensation lead value and an active compensation lag value; and

the active power component adjustment that configures or results in the evident dampening of the power oscillation is based on the active lead-lag compensation filter output, an active max limit, and an active min limit.

9 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 7 , wherein:

the active gain block, active washout filter, active compensation filter, and active limiter are implemented at a power plant controller level.

10 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 1 , further comprising:

a reactive gain block configured to receive a reactive power sub-controller input error signal and transmit a reactive gain block output;

a reactive washout filter configured to receive the reactive gain block output and transmit a reactive washout filter output;

a reactive lead-lag compensation filter configured to receive the reactive washout filter output and transmit a reactive lead-lag compensation filter output;

a reactive limiter configured to receive the reactive lead-lag compensation filter output and transmit the reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in the alternative dampening of the power oscillation.

11 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 10 , wherein:

the reactive gain block output is based on the reactive power sub-controller input error signal and a reactive gain constant;

the reactive washout filter output is based on the reactive gain block output and a reactive washout time constant; and

the reactive lead-lag compensation filter output is based on the reactive washout filter output, a reactive compensation lead value and a reactive compensation lag value; and

the reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in the alternative dampening of the power oscillation is based on the reactive lead-lag compensation filter output, a reactive max limit, and a reactive min limit.

12 . The power oscillation damping controller of claim 10 , wherein:

the reactive gain block, reactive washout filter, reactive compensation filter, and reactive limiter are implemented at a power plant controller level.

13 . A battery energy storage system, comprising:

a power conversion system, configured to convert between a direct current power and an alternating current power;

a battery core including an array of battery cubes, configured to provide the direct current power to the power conversion system;

a point of connection, configured to couple the power conversion system to an electrical grid and exchange the alternating current power between the electrical grid and the power conversion system;

a meter, configured to measure an active power sub-controller measured value of the alternating current power and a reactive power sub-controller measured value of the alternating current power at the point of connection; and

a power oscillation damping controller, configured to provide an active power component adjustment that configures or results in an evident dampening of a power oscillation of the active power sub-controller measured value, the active power component adjustment calculated based upon the active power sub-controller measured value, and a reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in an alternative dampening of the power oscillation of the active power sub-controller measured value, the reactive power component adjustment calculated based upon the reactive power sub-controller measured value,

the power oscillation dampening controller being configured to compute a target active power value by adding the active power component adjustment that configures or results in the evident dampening of the power oscillation to a reference active power dispatch value, and compute a target reactive power value by adding the reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in the alternative dampening of the power oscillation to a reference reactive power value; and

the power oscillation dampening controller being configured to output the target active power value and the target reactive power value to a power plant controller for mitigating power drift.

14 . The battery energy storage system of claim 13 , wherein:

the active power sub-controller measured value is taken from an active power component of the alternating current power;

the reactive power sub-controller measured value is taken from a reactive power component of the alternating current power;

the active power component of the alternating current power is frequency; and

the reactive power component of the alternating current power is voltage.

15 . The battery energy storage system of claim 13 , wherein:

the alternating current power includes the power oscillation; and

the power oscillation is generated by the electrical grid.

16 . The battery energy storage system of claim 13 , wherein:

the battery core is configured to alter the direct current power to affect an active power output of the battery energy storage system, based upon the active power component adjustment that configures or results in the evident dampening of the power oscillation.

17 . The battery energy storage system of claim 13 , wherein:

the power conversion system is configured to operate in either capacitive or inductive mode of operation in order to affect a reactive power output of the battery energy storage system, based upon the reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in the alternative dampening of the power oscillation.

18 . The battery energy storage system of claim 13 , wherein the power oscillation damping controller further comprises:

an active gain block configured to increase the amplitude of the evident oscillation based on a difference between the active power sub-controller measured value and an active power sub-controller reference value, as well as an active gain constant;

an active washout filter configured to reject the evident oscillation in a steady state based on an active washout time constant;

an active lead-lag compensation filter configured to provision an active phase-lead characteristic to the evident oscillation based on an active compensation lead value and an active compensation lag value; and

an active limiter configured to attenuate the evident oscillation above an active core electrical power threshold, outputting the active power component adjustment that configures or results in the evident dampening of the power oscillation.

19 . The battery energy storage system of claim 13 , wherein the power oscillation damping controller further comprises:

a reactive gain block configured to increase the amplitude of the alternative oscillation based on a difference between the reactive power sub-controller measured value and a reactive power sub-controller reference value, as well as a reactive gain constant;

a reactive washout filter configured to reject the alternative oscillation in a steady state based on a reactive washout time constant;

a reactive lead-lag compensation filter configured to provision a reactive phase-lead characteristic to the alternative oscillation based on a reactive compensation lead value and a reactive compensation lag value; and

a reactive limiter configured to attenuate the alternative oscillation above a reactive core electrical power threshold, outputting the reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in the alternative dampening of the power oscillation.

20 . A power oscillation damping controller comprising:

a processor;

a memory accessible to the processor and programmed to configure the power oscillation damping controller to:

receive an active power sub-controller measured value including an evident oscillation component of a power oscillation;

receive a reactive power sub-controller measured value including an alternative oscillation component of the power oscillation;

calculate, based on the evident oscillation component of the active power sub-controller measured value, an active power component adjustment that configures or results in an evident dampening of the power oscillation;

calculate, based on the alternative oscillation component of the reactive power sub-controller measured value, a reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in an alternative dampening of the power oscillation;

compute a target active power value by adding the active power component adjustment that configures or results in the evident dampening of the power oscillation to a reference active power dispatch value;

compute a target reactive power value by adding the reactive power component adjustment that configures or results in the alternative dampening of the power oscillation to a reference reactive power dispatch value; and

output the target active power value and the target reactive power value to a power plant controller for mitigating power drift.