Hybrid solar power system using photovoltaic and thermal concentration
Hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and thermal energy collection systems and methods are provided. One system includes bi-facial PV cells arranged in a first plane, with each PV cell having a first face to directly accept incident light and a second face to accept reflected light. Dichroic splitters underlie transparent spaces in the first plane and reflect R band wavelengths of light to the second face of corresponding PV cells, while transmitting T band wavelengths of light. Optical units underlie the dichroic splitters, accepting T band (e.g., visible) light from corresponding dichroic splitters, and transmitting focused T band light to a thermal collection tube. In another variation, PV cells are arranged in a first plane with optical units. The optical units focus T band wavelengths of light, which are concentrated by a light funnel and provided to a thermal collection tube.
1 . A hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and thermal energy collection system, the system comprising:
a plurality of PV cells arranged in a first plane, each PV cell having a face to accept incident light;
a plurality of optical units arranged adjacent to the PV cells in the first plane, each optical unit having a first face to accept incident light and a second face transmitting focused light to a thermal region underlying the first plane; and,
a thermal collection tube formed in the thermal region.
2 . The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a light funnel to accept the focused light from the optical units and supply concentrated light to the thermal collection tube.
3 . The system of claim 2 wherein each light funnel is a dielectric material transmitting concentrated wavelengths of light accepted at an optical input aperture, initially by refraction, and subsequently to the thermal collection tube via total internal reflection (TIR).
4 . The system of claim 2 wherein the light funnel is a compound parabolic concentrator.
5 . The system of claim 1 wherein the optical units are selected from the group consisting of linear Fresnel lenses, cylindrical lenses, and acylindrical lenses.
6 . The system of claim 1 wherein elements in the system are rotatable with respect to the first plane.
7 . The system of claim 1 wherein a plurality of thermal collection tubes is formed in the thermal region.
8 . The system of claim 1 wherein to ratio of PV cell face surface area to optical unit first face surface area is in a range of 1:2 to 1:6.
9 . The system of claim 1 wherein the optical units are formed in spacings between PV cells.
10 . A hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and thermal energy collection system, the system comprising:
a plurality of bi-facial PV cells arranged in a first plane, each PV cell having a first face to directly accept incident light and a second face to accept reflected light;
a plurality of arcuate dichroic splitters underlying the first plane, each dichroic splitter having a first face to reflect R band wavelengths of light to the second face of corresponding PV cells, and a second face transmitting T band wavelengths of light;
a plurality of optical units underlying the dichroic splitters, each optical unit having a first face to accept T band light from corresponding dichroic splitters, and a second face to transmit focused T band light; and,
a thermal collection tube to accept focused T band light.
11 . The system of claim 10 wherein the optical units are selected from the group consisting of linear Fresnel lenses, cylindrical lenses, and acylindrical lenses.
12 . The system of claim 10 wherein the bi-facial PV cells are arranged in a grid pattern in a first plane, with spacings between the bi-facial PV cells; and,
wherein the dichroic splitters are formed underlying the spacings in the first plane.
13 . The system of claim 10 wherein elements of the system are rotatable with respect to the first plane.
14 . The system of claim 10 further comprising a plurality of thermal collection tubes is formed in a thermal region.
15 . The system of claim 10 wherein the optical units optimally focus T band wavelength light.
16 . The system of claim 10 wherein to ratio of PV cell first face surface area to dichroic first face surface area is in a range of 1:2 to 1:6.
17 . The system of 10 further comprising:
a configuration mechanism underlying the first plane, moveable with respect to the first plane; and,
wherein the dichroic splitters, optical units, and thermal collection tube are connected to the configuration mechanism, so as to be removable from underlying the PV cells.
18 . The system of claim 10 wherein the T band comprises visible wavelengths of light.
19 . A method for hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and thermal energy collection, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of PV cells arranged in a first plane accepting incident light;
the PV cells converting the accepted light to electrical energy;
providing a plurality of optical units, arranged adjacent to the PV cells, accepting incident light;
the optical units focusing T band wavelengths of the accepted incident light;
the optical units transmitting the focused T band light wavelengths;
providing a light funnel accepting the focused T band light wavelengths;
the light funnel transmitting concentrated T band wavelengths of light; and,
providing a thermal collection tube converting the concentrated T band wavelengths of light to thermal energy.
20 . A method for hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and thermal energy collection, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of bi-facial PV cells arranged in a first plane, each PV cell having a first face accepting incident light;
the PV cells first face converting incident light to electrical energy;
providing a plurality of arcuate dichroic splitters underlying transparent spaces in the first plane, each dichroic splitter having a first face reflecting R band wavelengths of light;
the PV cells having a second face accepting reflected R band wavelength light;
the PV cells second face converting reflected R band wavelengths of light to electrical energy;
the dichroic splitters having a second face transmitting T band wavelengths of light;
providing a plurality of optical units underlying the dichroic splitters, each optical unit having a first face accepting T band wavelengths of light from corresponding dichroic splitters;
the optical units focusing the accepted T band wavelengths of light;
the optical units having a second face transmitting the focused T band light wavelengths; and,
providing a thermal collection tube converting focused T band wavelengths to thermal energy.