Testing device and method for testing photovoltaic module

1 . A method for testing a photovoltaic module, applied for testing anti-stepping performance of the photovoltaic module, wherein the method comprises:

performing a defect inspection test on the photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as an initial result;

mounting the photovoltaic module on a color steel tile assembly;

applying a preset load to the photovoltaic module by using a test device and maintaining for a preset period;

performing the defect inspection test on the loaded photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as a loading result; and

comparatively analyzing the initial result and the loading result,

wherein the test device comprises a drive assembly and a test member configured to apply the preset load to the photovoltaic module, the drive assembly is capable of driving the test member to move along a length direction, a width direction, and a thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, and the test member comprises a first test body and a second test body spaced apart along a width direction of the photovoltaic module, a first abutment surface is located on the first test body, and a second abutment surface is located on the second test body; and

wherein the applying a preset load to the photovoltaic module by using a test device comprises:

applying the preset load to the photovoltaic module by driving, via the drive assembly, the first test body through the first abutment surface and the second test body through the second abutment surface.

2 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 , wherein the photovoltaic module comprises a connecting portion configured to contact the color steel tile assembly and an unsupported portion configured to define a cavity with the color steel tile assembly;

the photovoltaic module is provided with a first test surface, a second test surface, and a third test surface, the first test surface is located at an edge of the connecting portion, the second test surface is located at the unsupported portion, and the third test surface is located at a corner of the photovoltaic module; and

the applying a preset load to the photovoltaic module by using a test device and maintaining for a preset period comprises:

applying the preset load to at least one of the first test surface, the second test surface, and the third test surface by using the test device and maintaining for the preset period.

3 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 2 , wherein the applying the preset load to at least one of the first test surface, the second test surface, and the third test surface by using the test device and maintaining for the preset period comprises:

selecting a first test point on the first test surface, the second test surface, or the third test surface; and

applying the preset load to the first test point by using the test device and maintaining for the preset period.

4 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 3 , wherein, subsequent to the applying the preset load to the first test point by using the test device and maintaining for the preset period, the method further comprises:

selecting a second test point on the first test surface, the second test surface, or the third test surface, wherein the first test point and the second test point are distributed along a length direction and/or a width direction of the photovoltaic module; and

applying the preset load to the second test point by using the test device and maintaining for the preset period.

5 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 4 , wherein the first test point and the second test point are located on a same one of the first test surface, the second test surface, and the third test surface; or

the first test point and the second test point are located on two of the first test surface, the second test surface, and the third test surface, respectively.

6 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 2 , wherein the photovoltaic module is further provided with a fourth test surface, the fourth test surface is a surface other than the first test surface, the second test surface, and the third test surface; and

the applying a preset load to the photovoltaic module by using a test device and maintaining for a preset period comprises:

applying the preset load to the fourth test surface by using the test device and maintaining for the preset period.

7 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 4 , wherein

the applying a preset load to the photovoltaic module by using a test device and maintaining for a preset period comprises:

driving, by the drive assembly, the test member to move along the length direction and/or the width direction of the photovoltaic module, so that the test member is located above the first test point in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module;

driving, by the drive assembly, the test member to move along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, and applying, by the test member, the preset load to the first test point and maintaining for the preset period;

driving, by the drive assembly, the test member to move along the length direction and/or the width direction of the photovoltaic module, so that the test member is located above the second test point in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module; and

driving, by the drive assembly, the test member to move along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, and applying, by the test member, the preset load to the second test point and maintaining for the preset period.

8 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 , wherein the defect inspection test comprises appearance inspection;

the performing a defect inspection test on the photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as an initial result comprises:

inspecting an appearance of the photovoltaic module, and recording a number and a size of appearance defects of the photovoltaic module as an appearance initial result;

the performing the defect inspection test on the loaded photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as a loading result comprises:

inspecting an appearance of the loaded photovoltaic module, and recording a number and a size of appearance defects of the photovoltaic module as an appearance loading result; and

the comparatively analyzing the initial result and the loading result comprises:

comparatively analyzing the appearance initial result and the appearance loading result, and determining a degree of change in the appearance of the loaded photovoltaic module;

wherein the appearance inspection comprises external defect inspection and/or an internal defect test, and/or wherein the defect inspection test comprises a performance test;

the performing a defect inspection test on the photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as an initial result comprises:

testing performance of the photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as an initial performance test result;

the performing the defect inspection test on the loaded photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as a loading result comprises:

testing performance of the loaded photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as a loading performance test result; and

the comparatively analyzing the initial result and the loading result comprises:

comparatively analyzing the initial performance test result and the loading performance test result, and determining a degree of change in the performance of the loaded photovoltaic module, and/or

wherein the defect inspection test comprises an environmental aging test;

the performing a defect inspection test on the photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as an initial result comprises:

performing the environmental aging test on the photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as a pre-aging result;

the performing the defect inspection test on the loaded photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as a loading result comprises:

performing the environmental aging test on the loaded photovoltaic module, and recording a test result as a post-aging result; and

the comparatively analyzing the initial result and the loading result comprises:

comparatively analyzing the pre-aging result and the post-aging result, and determining a degree of environmental aging of the loaded photovoltaic module.

9 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 , wherein, subsequent to the applying a preset load to the photovoltaic module by using a test device and maintaining for a preset period, the method further comprises:

performing an international electrotechnical commission (IEC) 61215-2 module qualification test (MQT) 20 test on the photovoltaic module.

10 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 , wherein the preset period is equal to or greater than 20 minutes.

11 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 , wherein along the width direction, a distance L 1 between a geometric center of the first abutment surface and a geometric center of the second abutment surface satisfies: 100 mm≤L 1 ≤500 mm.

12 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 , wherein a contour shape of the first abutment surface and a contour shape of the second abutment surface are similar to a contour shape of an operator's shoe sole.

13 . The method for testing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 , wherein the first abutment surface comprises a first surface and a second surface spaced apart along the length direction, and a contour shape of the first surface and a contour shape of the second surface are circles, the second abutment surface comprises a third surface and a fourth surface spaced apart along the length direction, and a contour shape of the third surface and a contour shape of the fourth surface are circles; and

the first test body comprises a first body and a second body arranged opposite to each other along the length direction, the first surface is arranged on the first body, the second surface is arranged on the second body, the second test body comprises a third body and a fourth body arranged opposite to each other along the length direction, the third surface is arranged on the third body, and the fourth surface is arranged on the fourth body.