Fully-differential receiver for receiving conducted communication signals
Disclosed herein is an IMD configured to communicate with another IMD and/or an external device using conducted communication. The fully-differential receiver has a pair of inputs, a pair of outputs, and a plurality of active stages therebetween. The pair of inputs of the fully-differential receiver are coupled to electrodes of the IMD. The fully-differential receiver is configured to operate in first and second modes. When operating in the first mode, the fully-differential receiver draws a first amount of current and is configured to monitor for a wakeup signal within a first frequency range. When operating in the second mode, the fully-differential receiver draws a second amount of current that is higher than the first amount of current, and is configured to receive one or more message content pulses within a second frequency range that is higher than the first frequency range.
1 . An implantable medical device (IMD) configured to communicate with at least one of another IMD or an external device using conducted communication signals, the IMD comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode;
a fully-differential receiver having a pair of inputs, a pair of outputs, and a plurality of active stages between the pair of inputs and the pair of outputs; and
a battery configured to power components of the IMD, including the plurality of active stages of the fully-differential receiver;
the pair of inputs of the fully-differential receiver including a first input coupled to the first electrode and a second input coupled to the second electrode;
the fully-differential receiver configured to operate in a first mode when the active stages thereof are provided with respective first bias currents, and the fully-differential receiver configured to operate in a second mode when the active stages thereof are provided with respective second bias currents that are greater than the respective first bias currents;
when operating in the first mode, the fully-differential receiver draws a first amount of current; and
when operating in the second mode, the fully-differential receiver draws a second amount of current that is higher than the first amount of current.
2 . The IMD of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of active stages include a fully-differential preamplifier, a fully-differential buffer, a first comparator, and a second comparator;
the fully-differential receiver is configured to operate in the first mode when the fully-differential preamplifier, the fully-differential buffer, the first comparator, and the second comparator are provided with the respective first bias currents; and
the fully-differential receiver is configured to operate in the second mode when the fully-differential preamplifier, the fully-differential buffer, the first comparator, and the second comparator are provided with the respective second bias currents that are greater than the respective first bias currents.
3 . The IMD of claim 2 , wherein the fully-differential preamplifier further comprises switches that are selectively closed for a period of time to reset the fully-differential receiver whenever there is a change from the first mode to the second mode, or a change from the second mode to the first mode.
4 . The IMD of claim 1 , wherein the fully-differential receiver is configured to:
monitor for a wakeup signal within a first frequency range, when operating in the first mode; and
receive one or more message content pulses within a second frequency range, when operating within the second mode.
5 . The IMD of claim 4 , wherein the fully-differential receiver is configured to change from operating in the first mode to operating in the second mode, in response to the wakeup signal within the first frequency range being detected.
6 . The IMD of claim 5 , wherein the fully-differential receiver is configured to change from operating in the first mode to operating in the second mode, by increasing each respective bias current used to bias each of the plurality of active stages of the fully-differential receiver.
7 . The IMD of claim 6 , wherein the fully-differential receiver is configured to change from operating in the second mode back to operating in the first mode, in response to at least one of the following:
a message content window ending;
an end of message indicator being received using the fully-differential receiver; or
a timeout period expiring.
8 . The IMD of claim 7 , wherein the fully-differential receiver is configured to change from operating in the second mode back to operating in the first mode, by decreasing each respective bias current used to bias each of the plurality of active stages of the fully-differential receiver.
9 . The IMD of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first high pass filter (HPF) coupled between the first electrode and the first input of the pair of inputs of the fully-differential receiver; and
a second high pass filter (HPF) coupled between the second electrode and the second input of the pair of inputs of the fully-differential receiver;
wherein the first and the second HPFs are configured to filter out one or more signals indicative of cardiac electrical activity that may be sensed by the pair of electrodes.
10 . The IMD of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first direct current (DC) blocking capacitor coupled between the first electrode and the first input of the pair of inputs of the fully-differential receiver; and
a second direct current (DC) blocking capacitor coupled between the second electrode and the second input of the pair of inputs of the fully-differential receiver.
11 . The IMD of claim 1 , wherein the IMD comprises a leadless pacemaker configured to be implanted in or on a cardiac chamber.
12 . An implantable medical device (IMD) configured to communicate with at least one of another IMD or an external device using conducted communication signals, the IMD comprising:
a pair of electrodes;
a fully-differential receiver having a pair of inputs, a pair of outputs, and a plurality of active stages between the pair of inputs and the pair of outputs; and
a battery configured to power components of the IMD, including the plurality of active stages of the fully-differential receiver;
the pair of inputs of the fully-differential receiver coupled to the pair of electrodes;
the plurality of active stages of the fully-differential receiver including a fully-differential preamplifier, a fully-differential buffer, a first comparator, and a second comparator;
the fully-differential receiver configured to operate in a first mode when the fully-differential preamplifier, the fully-differential buffer, the first comparator, and the second comparator are provided with respective first bias currents; and
the fully-differential receiver configured to operate in a second mode when the fully-differential preamplifier, the fully-differential buffer, the first comparator, and the second comparator are provided with respective second bias currents that are greater than the respective first bias currents.
13 . The IMD of claim 12 , wherein:
when operating in the first mode, the fully-differential receiver draws a first amount of current; and
when operating in the second mode, the fully-differential receiver draws a second amount of current that is higher than the first amount of current.
14 . The IMD of claim 13 , wherein the fully-differential receiver is configured to:
monitor for a wakeup signal within a first frequency range, when operating in the first mode; and
receive one or more message content pulses within a second frequency range that is higher than the first frequency range, when operating in the second mode.
15 . The IMD of claim 14 , wherein:
in response to the wakeup signal within the first frequency range being detected, the fully-differential receiver is configured to change from operating in the first mode to operating in the second mode by increasing each respective bias current used to bias each of the plurality of active stages of the fully-differential receiver; and
in response to at least one of a message content window ending, an end of message indicator being received using the fully-differential receiver, or a timeout period expiring, the fully-differential receiver is configured to change from operating in the second mode back to operating in the first mode by decreasing each respective bias current used to bias each of the plurality of active stages of the fully-differential receiver.
16 . The IMD of claim 12 , wherein:
the first comparator includes a differential pair of inputs and a first output;
the second comparator includes a differential pair of inputs and a second output; and
the differential pair of inputs of the second comparator are coupled to the differential pair of inputs of the first comparator such that the differential pair of inputs of the first and second comparators are coupled to one another.
17 . The IMD of claim 16 , wherein:
the fully-differential preamplifier includes a differential pair of inputs and a differential pair of outputs;
the fully-differential buffer includes a differential pair of inputs and a differential pair of outputs; and
the differential pair of inputs of the fully-differential buffer are coupled to the differential pair of outputs of the fully-differential preamplifier.
18 . The IMD of claim 17 , further comprising:
an AC coupling network between the pair of outputs of the fully-differential buffer and differential inputs of the first and second comparators;
wherein the differential inputs of the first and second comparators are coupled to one another.
19 . The IMD of claim 12 , wherein the IMD comprises a leadless pacemaker configured to be implanted in or on a cardiac chamber.
20 . An implantable medical device (IMD) configured to communicate with at least one of another IMD or an external device using conducted communication signals, the IMD comprising:
a fully-differential receiver having a pair of inputs, a pair of outputs, and a plurality of active stages therebetween; and
a battery configured to power components of the IMD, including the plurality of active stages of the fully-differential receiver;
the fully-differential receiver configured to operate in a first mode when the active stages thereof are provided with respective first bias currents, and operate in a second mode when the active stages thereof are provided with respective second bias currents that are greater than the respective first bias currents.
21 . The IMD of claim 20 , wherein the fully-differential receiver is configured to:
monitor for a wakeup signal within a first frequency range, when operating in the first mode; and
receive one or more message content pulses within a second frequency range that is higher than the first frequency range, when operating in the second mode.
22 . The IMD of claim 21 , wherein:
the fully-differential receiver is configured to change from operating in the first mode to operating in the second mode, in response to the wakeup signal within the first frequency range being detected; and
the fully-differential receiver is configured to change from operating in the second mode back to operating in the first mode, in response to at least one of the following:
a message content window ending;
an end of message indicator being received using the fully-differential receiver; or
a timeout period expiring.