Biopesticide formulation including
A biopesticide formulation is provided, including extracts of Plicosepalus acacia, Ocimum basilicum , and Eucalyptus tereticornis . The biopesticide formulation may include a 3:4:4 ratio of Plicosepalus acaciae:Ocimum basilicum:Eucalyptus tereticornis . The biopesticide formulation may be formulated as a nano-emulsion and may have an LD 50 of 4.57 μg/larva and a LC 50 of 247 μg/mL against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus . The biopesticide formulation may be made by a method including extracting Plicosepalus acaciae powder, Eucalyptus tereticornis callus, and Ocimum basilicum callus using methanol, drying the extracts, and mixing the dried extracts. The biopesticide formulation may then be formulated as a nano-emulsion by vigorous mixing with a surfactant and a co-surfactant.
1 . A biopesticide formulation comprising:
a dried extract of Plicosepalus acaciae;
a dried extract of Ocimum basilicum ; and
a dried extract of Eucalyptus tereticornis,
wherein the formulation comprises a 3:4:4 ratio of the Plicosepalus acaciae dried extract, the Ocimum basilicum dried extract, and the Eucalyptus tereticornis dried extract.
2 . The biopesticide formulation of claim 1 , further comprising glycerol and polysorbate 80.
3 . The biopesticide formulation of claim 2 , wherein the biopesticide formulation is formulated as a nano-emulsion.
4 . The biopesticide formulation of claim 1 , wherein the biopesticide has an LD 50 of 4.57 μg/larva and a LC 50 of 247 μg/mL against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus.
5 . A method of making the biopesticide formulation of claim 1 , the method comprising:
providing Plicosepalus acaciae leaves;
drying the Plicosepalus acaciae leaves to obtain dried Plicosepalus acaciae leaves;
grinding the dried Plicosepalus acaciae leaves to obtain Plicosepalus acaciae powder;
extracting the Plicosepalus acaciae powder using methanol to obtain a first Plicosepalus acaciae extract;
concentrating first Plicosepalus acaciae extract to obtain a second Plicosepalus acaciae extract;
providing Eucalyptus tereticornis seeds;
delinting, sterilizing, and germinating the Eucalyptus tereticornis seeds;
cutting leaf segments from the germinated Eucalyptus tereticornis;
growing the Eucalyptus tereticornis leaf segments with a growth medium to obtain Eucalyptus tereticornis callus;
extracting the Eucalyptus tereticornis callus with methanol to obtain an Eucalyptus tereticornis extract;
providing Ocimum basilicum seeds;
delinting, sterilizing, and germinating the Ocimum basilicum seeds;
cutting leaf segments from the germinated Ocimum basilicum;
growing the Ocimum basilicum leaf segments with a growth medium to obtain Ocimum basilicum callus;
extracting the Ocimum basilicum callus with methanol to obtain an O. basilicum extract;
drying the second Plicosepalus acaciae extract, the Eucalyptus tereticornis extract, and the Ocimum basilicum extract; and
mixing the dried Plicosepalus acaciae extract, the dried Eucalyptus tereticornis extract, and the dried Ocimum basilicum extract to obtain the biopesticide formulation.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the Plicosepalus acaciae leaves are dried by a method selected from the group consisting of sun drying, oven drying, and air drying.
7 . The method of claim 5 , wherein grinding the Plicosepalus acaciae leaves comprises grinding the Plicosepalus acaciae leaves using a mortar and pestle.
8 . The method of claim 5 , wherein concentrating first Plicosepalus acaciae extract comprises concentrating the first Plicosepalus acaciae extract at about 30° C. to about 45° C. using a rotary evaporator.
9 . The method of claim 5 , wherein growing the Eucalyptus tereticornis leaf segments with a growth medium comprises growing the Eucalyptus tereticornis leaf segments on Murashige and Skoog medium.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the Murashige and Skoog medium comprises about 3% sucrose and about 6.0 g/L of agar.
11 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the Murashige and Skoog medium comprises about 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), about 0.5 mg/L kinetin, about 0.5 mg/L Naphthaleneacetic Acid, and about 1 mg/L Indole-3-Butyric Acid.
12 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the Murashige and Skoog medium comprises about 100 mM of methyl jasmonate, about 0.3 mg/L kinetin, about 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, about 0.2 mg/L Naphthaleneacetic Acid, and about 1 mg/L Indole-3-Butyric Acid, and Verticillium dahliae.
13 . The method of claim 5 , wherein growing the Ocimum basilicum leaf segments with a growth medium comprises growing the Ocimum basilicum leaf segments on Murashige and Skoog medium.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the Murashige and Skoog medium comprises about 3% sucrose and about 6.0 g/L of agar.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the Murashige and Skoog medium comprises about 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, about 0.5 mg/L kinetin, about 0.5 mg/L Naphthaleneacetic Acid, and about 1 mg/L Indole-3-Butyric Acid.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the Murashige and Skoog medium comprises about 100 mM of methyl jasmonate, about 0.3 mg/L kinetin, about 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, about 0.2 mg/L Naphthaleneacetic Acid, and about 1 mg/L Indole-3-Butyric Acid, and Verticillium dahliae.
17 . The method of claim 5 , wherein growing the Ocimum basilicum leaf segments with a growth medium comprises growing the Ocimum basilicum leaf segments on Linsmaier and Skoog medium, and wherein growing the Eucalyptus tereticornis leaf segments with a growth medium comprises growing the Eucalyptus tereticornis leaf segments on Linsmaier and Skoog medium.
18 . The method of claim 5 , comprising:
mixing the biopesticide formulation is with a surfactant and a co-surfactant to obtain a first mixture;
vortexing the first mixture;
adding deionized water to the first mixture to obtain a second mixture;
and sonicating the second mixture to obtain a nano-emulsion comprising the biopesticide formulation.
19 . A method of inhibiting or killing Rhynchophorus ferrugineus , comprising administering the biopesticide formulation of claim 1 to a plant in need thereof.