Feed compositions
Embodiments of the present disclosure describe feed compositions that can be administered to improve health and immunity in subjects. The feed compositions can comprise one or more mineral compounds, one or more essential oils, one or more emulsifiers, one or more fibers, one or more yeast extracts and/or one or more additional components. The feed compositions can be provided in solid or liquid forms, among others, and administered to subjects, such as animals, to improve their health, immunity, or both.
1 . A feed composition for ruminants comprising:
(a) cobalt lactate at a weight percent of the feed composition of about 0.1% to about 3%;
(b) one or more essential oils at a weight percent of the feed composition of about 01% to about 5%, the one or more essential oils selected from the group consisting of cinnamon, thyme, and oregano; and
(c) one or more emulsifiers including larch arabinogalactan.
2 . The feed composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of lithium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, calcium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, rubidium, strontium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tin, iodine, gold, and chitosan.
3 . The feed composition of claim 2 , further comprising one or more of formate, oxalate, propionate, butyrate, fumarate, valerate, caproate, citrate, sorbate, benzoate, enanthate, caprylate, pelargonate, caprate, laurate, myristate, palmitate, margarate, stearate, icosanoate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and ethylene diamine.
4 . The feed composition of claim 2 , further comprising one or more of sulfates, carbonates, gluconates, oxides, hydrates, hydroxides, and halides.
5 . The feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more essential oils further comprises one or more of lavender essential oil, bay leaf essential oil, cinnamon leaf essential oil, laurel leaf essential oil, lemon grass essential oil, spearmint essential oil, peppermint essential oil, rosemary essential oil, and clary sage essential oil.
6 . The feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more emulsifiers further comprise propylene glycol alginate, xanthan gum, or a combination thereof.
7 . The feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more essential oils are present as an emulsion with the one or more emulsifiers, and an average particle size of the one or more essential oils in the emulsion is about 25 microns or less.
8 . The feed composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more fibers.
9 . The feed composition of claim 8 , wherein the one or more fibers are selected from larch arabinogalactan, tannin compounds, polydextrose, chitin, Psyllium , methyl-cellulose, hydrolyzed guar, guar, soy polysaccharide, oat bran, pectin, inulin, Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), xanthan gum, alginate, sodium alginate, chemically modified cellulosic, Acacia, gum Arabic, and propylene glycol alginate.
10 . The feed composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more yeast extracts, and wherein the one or more yeast extracts include at least one yeast extract without a cell wall.
11 . The feed composition of claim 10 , wherein the one or more yeast extracts include at least one yeast extract that is derived from yeast cells selected from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces chevaiieri, Saccharomyces delbrueckii, Saccharomyces exiguus, Saccharomyces fermentati, Saccharomyces logos, Saccharomyces mellis, Saccharomyces microellipsoides, Saccharomyces oviformis, Saccharomyces rosei, Saccharomyces rouxii, Saccharomyces sake, Saccharomyces uvarum Beij'er, Saccharomyces willianus, Saccharomyces sp. , Saccharomyces ludwigii, Saccharomyces sinenses, Saccharomyces bailii, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Schizosaccharomyces octosporus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Sporobolomyces roseus, Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, Torulopsis Candida, Torulopsis famta, Torulopsis globosa, Torulopsis inconspicua, Trichosporon behrendoo, Trichosporon capitatum, Trichosporon cutaneum, Wickerhamia fluoresens, Ashbya gossypii, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Candida arborea, Candida guillermondii, Candida Krusei, Candida lambxca, Candida lipolytica, Candida par akrusei, Candida par apsilosis, Candida par apsilosis, Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida pulcherrima, Candida robusta, Candida rugousa, Candida utilis, Citeromyces matritensis, Crebrothecium ashbyii, Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Debaryomyces hansenii, Debaryomyces kloeckeri, Endomycopsis fibuligera, Eremothecium ashbyii, Geotrichum candidum, Geotrichum ludwigii, Geotrichum robustum, Geotrichum suaveolens, Hansenula anomala, Hansenula arabitolgens, Hansenula jadinii, Hansenula saturnus, Hansenula schneggii, Hansenula subpelliculosa, Kloeckera apiculata, Lipomyces starkeyi, Pichiafar inosa, Pichia membranaefaciens, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Rhodotorula aurantiaca, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula minuta, Rhodotorula rubar , and Rhodotorula sinesis.
12 . The feed composition of claim 1 , further comprising a carrier.
13 . The feed composition of claim 12 , wherein the carrier is reverse osmosis water.
14 . The feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight percent of cobalt lactate is between about 0.5% and about 2%.
15 . The feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight percent of the one or more essential oils is between about 0.1% and about 2%.
16 . A method of administering a feed composition to ruminants, the method comprising:
administering a feed composition to a ruminant, wherein the feed composition comprises:
(a) cobalt lactate at a weight percent of the feed composition of about 0.1% to about 3%;
(b) one or more essential oils at a weight percent of the feed composition from about 0.1% to about 5%, the one or more essential oils selected from the group consisting of cinnamon, thyme, and oregano; and
(c) one or more emulsifiers comprising larch arabinogalactan.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the one or more essential oils are present as an emulsion with the one or more emulsifiers, and an average particle size of the one or more essential oils in the emulsion is about 25 microns or less.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the one or more emulsifiers further comprise propylene glycol alginate, xanthan gum, or a combination thereof.
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the feed composition does not comprise cobalt carbonate.
20 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the feed composition is administered to the ruminant to provide cobalt in an amount of about 302 mg per ruminant per day.