System for detecting catheter looping or knotting
A detection system for detecting a loop and/or a knot in a catheter includes a first coil and a second coil in spaced positions on a catheter body of the catheter. A driver is coupled by a wired communication link to the first coil, wherein the driver is configured to transmit a first signal to the first coil. A receiver is coupled by a wired communication link to the second coil, wherein the receiver is configured to receive a second signal from the second coil indicative of a proximity of the first coil and the second coil. A signal analyzer is coupled by a wired or wireless communication link to the receiver that is configured to receive the second signal from the receiver and determine whether there is a change in the second signal indicative of a formation of the loop and/or the knot in the catheter.
1 . A detection system for detecting a loop and/or a knot in a catheter, the detection system comprising:
a first coil and a second coil in spaced positions on a catheter body of the catheter;
a driver coupled by a wired communication link to the first coil, wherein the driver is configured to transmit a first signal to the first coil;
a receiver coupled by a wired communication link to the second coil, wherein the receiver is configured to receive a second signal from the second coil, wherein the second signal comprises:
an amplitude indicative of a proximity of the first coil and the second coil; and
a polarity indicative of a relative orientation of the first coil and the second coil; and
a signal analyzer coupled by a wired or wireless communication link to the receiver that is configured to receive the second signal from the receiver and determine whether there is a change in the second signal indicative of a formation of the loop and/or the knot in the catheter.
2 . The detection system of claim 1 , wherein the first coil is a transmit coil and the second coil is a receive coil.
3 . The detection system of claim 1 , wherein the first signal from the driver generates a magnetic field around the first coil.
4 . The detection system of claim 3 , wherein the second signal is induced into the second coil due to the proximity of the first coil and the second coil.
5 . The detection system of claim 4 , wherein the second signal will indicate a change in a magnetic field of the second coil when the loop and/or the knot forms in the catheter.
6 . The detection system of claim 5 , wherein the change in the second signal is a trend of the second signal received from the second coil that is indicative of the formation of the loop and/or the knot in the catheter.
7 . The detection system of claim 1 , wherein the driver is coupled by the wired communication link to the first coil and the second coil and is configured to transmit the first signal to the first coil and the second coil, wherein the receiver is coupled by the wired communication link to the first coil and the second coil and is configured to receive the second signal from the first coil and the second coil.
8 . The detection system of claim 7 , wherein the signal analyzer is configured to determine whether there is a change in impedance of the second signal received from the first coil and the second coil that is indicative of the formation of the loop and/or the knot in the catheter.
9 . The detection system of claim 1 , wherein the first coil and the second coil are positioned on a distal portion of the catheter body that is configured to be positioned in a heart and a pulmonary artery of a patient when the catheter is fully positioned in the patient.
10 . The detection system of claim 1 , wherein the first coil is positioned adjacent a distal end of the catheter body of the catheter and the second coil is spaced proximal to the first coil.
11 . The detection system of claim 1 , wherein the driver and the receiver are a single unit.
12 . The detection system of claim 1 , wherein the driver and the receiver are a lock-in amplifier.
13 . The detection system of claim 1 , wherein the first signal from the driver is an AC signal.
14 . The detection system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a display coupled by a wired or wireless communication link to the signal analyzer, wherein the display is configured to receive an instruction signal from the signal analyzer.
15 . The detection system of claim 14 , wherein the instruction signal includes an instruction to display an amplitude and a polarity of the second signal on the display.
16 . The detection system of claim 14 , wherein when the signal analyzer has detected a change in the second signal that indicates the formation of the loop and/or the knot in the catheter, the instruction signal includes an instruction to the display to provide an alarm to a physician.
17 . The detection system of claim 14 , wherein when the signal analyzer has detected a change in the second signal that indicates the formation of the loop and/or the knot in the catheter, the instruction signal includes an instruction to provide to a physician through the display regarding advancement or removal of the catheter.
18 . The detection system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a pressure sensor receiver that is configured to receive or determine a pressure signal from the catheter, wherein the pressure sensor receiver is coupled by a wired or wireless communication link to the signal analyzer.
19 . The detection system of claim 18 , wherein the pressure sensor receiver is configured to receive a blood sample from a distal port on a distal end of the catheter and to determine a pressure at the distal end of the catheter using the blood sample.
20 . The detection system of claim 18 , wherein the pressure sensor receiver is configured to receive a pressure signal from a pressure sensor positioned at a distal end of the catheter.
21 . The detection system of claim 18 , wherein the signal analyzer is configured to analyze the pressure signal from the pressure sensor receiver and the second signal from the receiver to determine whether there is a change in a pressure at a distal end of the catheter and/or a change in the second signal that indicates the formation of the loop and/or the knot in the catheter.