Modified adeno-associated virus vectors and delivery thereof into the central nervous system

1 . A method of treating a central nervous system (CNS) disease in a primate subject, comprising:

administering a modified adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector directly to an intraparenchymal site of the primate subject, wherein the modified AAV vector comprises at least one surface-bound saccharide;

wherein administration of the modified AAV vector directly to the intraparenchymal site results in transduction of at least one brain tissue that is distant from the site of administration;

and wherein the CNS disease is a neurological disease or a disease affecting neurons.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein

the modified AAV vector further comprises at least one transgene; and

the CNS disease is responsive to expression of the transgene.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein administration of the modified AAV vector directly to the intraparenchymal site results in transduction of a plurality of brain tissues that are distant from the site of administration.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface-bound saccharide is selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and combinations thereof.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface-bound saccharide is covalently bound to a capsid protein of the AAV vector.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of administering comprises administering to a human subject.

7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the brain tissue that is distant from the site of administration comprises the substantia nigra, the parietal cortices, the hippocampus, the globus pallidus, or combinations thereof.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the CNS disease is selected from a CNS degenerative disease, a CNS auto-immune disease, a CNS tumor disease, a cerebrovascular disease, a CNS structural defect, and combinations thereof.

9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the CNS disease is selected from the group consisting of: acid lipase disease, acid maltase deficiency, acid storage disease, acquired epileptiform aphasia, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Adie's pupil, Adie's syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, agnosia, Aicardi syndrome, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome disorder, Alexander disease, Alpers' disease, alternating hemiplegia, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), anencephaly, aneurysm, Angelman syndrome, angiomatosis, anoxia, antiphospholipid syndrome, aphasia, apraxia, arachnoiditis, Arnold-Chiari malformation, aromatic L-amino decarboxylase acid deficiency (AADC deficiency), aspartylglucosaminuria, Asperger syndrome, ataxia, ataxia telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome), ataxias and cerebellar or spinocerebellar degeneration, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, autism, autonomic dysfunction, Barth syndrome, Batten disease, Becker's myotonia, Behcet's disease, Bell's palsy, Bernhardt-Roth syndrome, Binswanger's disease, Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome, Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome, Brown-Sequard syndrome, bulbospinal muscular atrophy, CADASIL, Canavan's disease, causalgia, cavernomas, cavernous angioma, central cervical cord syndrome, central cord syndrome, central pontine myelinolysis, ceramidase deficiency, cerebellar degeneration, cerebellar hypoplasia, cerebral beriberi, cerebral gigantism, cerebral palsy, cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome (COFS), cholesterol ester storage disease, chorea, choreoacanthocytosis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), chronic orthostatic intolerance, chronic pain, Cockayne syndrome type II, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, colpocephaly, congenital myasthenia, corticobasal degeneration, cranial arteritis, cree encephalitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Cushing's syndrome, cystinosis, cytomegalic inclusion body disease, dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome, Dandy-Walker syndrome, Danon disease, Dawson disease, De Morsier's syndrome, Dejerine-Klumpke palsy, dementia, dentate cerebellar ataxia, dentatorubral atrophy, dermatomyositis, developmental dyspraxia, Devic's syndrome, diffuse sclerosis, dysautonomia, dysgraphia, dyslexia, dysphagia, dyspraxia, dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica, dyssynergia cerebellaris progressiva, epilepsy (including Amish infantile epilepsy syndrome [AIES], benign familial infantile seizures [BFIS], benign familial neonatal seizures [BFNS], childhood absence epilepsy [CAE], childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathy [COEE], Dravet syndrome [DS], early infantile epileptic encephalopathy [EIEE], familial adult myoclonic epilepsy [FAME], familial febrile seizures [FFS], familial focal epilepsy with variable foci [FFEVF], familial infantile myoclonic epilepsy [FIME], familial temporal lobe epilepsy [FTLE], focal epilepsy and speech disorder [FESD] with or without mental retardation, generalized epilepsy and paroxysmal dyskinesia [GEPD], generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus [GEFS+], idiopathic generalized epilepsy [IGE], juvenile absence epilepsy [JAE], juvenile myoclonic epilepsy [JME], myoclonic-atonic epilepsy [MAE], nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy [NFLE], progressive myoclonic epilepsy [PME], pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate oxidase deficiency [PNPOD], pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy [EPD] and severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy [SMEI]), Fabry disease, Fahr's syndrome, familial dysautonomia, familial hemangioma, familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, familial periodic paralyses, familial spastic paralysis, Farber's disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, Fisher syndrome, floppy infant syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia, frontotemporal dementia, fucosidosis, galactosialidosis, Gaucher disease, generalized gangliosidosis, Gerstmann's syndrome, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, giant axonal neuropathy, giant cell arteritis, giant cell inclusion disease, globoid cell leukodystrophy, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, glycogen storage disease, GM1 gangliosidosis, GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs disease), Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, hemicrania continua, hemiplegia alterans, hereditary spastic paraplegia, heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis, Holmes-Adie syndrome, holoprosencephaly, Hughes syndrome, Huntington's disease, hydranencephaly, hydromyelia, hypercortisolism, immune-mediated encephalomyelitis, inclusion body myositis, incontinentia pigmenti, infantile hypotonia, infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, iniencephaly, Isaac's syndrome, Joubert syndrome, Keams-Sayre syndrome, Kennedy's disease, Kinsbourne syndrome, Kleine-Levin syndrome, Klippel-Feil syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), Kliiver-Bucy syndrome, Korsakoff's amnesic syndrome, Krabbe disease, Kugelberg-Welander disease, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment, lateral medullary syndrome, Leigh's disease, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Levine-Critchley syndrome, Lewy body dementia, lipoid proteinosis, lissencephaly, locked-in syndrome, Lou Gehrig's disease, lupus, Lyme disease, Machado-Joseph disease, macrencephaly, alpha-mannosidosis, beta-mannosidosis, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Menkes disease, meralgia paresthetica, metachromatic leukodystrophy, microcephaly, Miller Fisher syndrome, Moebius syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type I-H (Hurler syndrome), mucopolysaccharidosis type I-H/S (Hurler-Scheie syndrome), mucopolysaccharidosis type IS (Scheie syndrome), mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome), mucopolysaccharidosis type III-A (Sanfilippo syndrome A), mucopolysaccharidosis type III-B (Sanfilippo syndrome B), mucopolysaccharidosis type III-C(Sanfilippo syndrome C), mucopolysaccharidosis type III-D (Sanfilippo syndrome D), mucopolysaccharidosis type IV-B (Morquio syndrome B), mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome), mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (Sly syndrome), mucopolysaccharidosis type IX (Natowicz syndrome), multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis, narcolepsy, neuroacanthocytosis, neurofibromatosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, neurosarcoidosis, Niemann-Pick disease, Ohtahara syndrome, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, opsoclonus myoclonus, O'Sullivan-McLeod syndrome, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, paraneoplastic syndromes, paresthesia, Parkinson's disease, paroxysmal choreoathetosis, paroxysmal hemicrania, Parry-Romberg syndrome, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, Pena Shokeir II syndrome, periventricular leukomalacia, phytanic acid storage disease, Pick's disease, piriformis syndrome, polymyositis, Pompe disease, post-polio syndrome, posterior cortical atrophy, primary dentatum atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis, primary progressive aphasia, prion diseases, progressive hemifacial atrophy, progressive locomotor ataxia, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, prosopagnosia, Ramsay Hunt syndrome I, Ramsay Hunt syndrome II, Rasmussen's encephalitis, Refsum disease, Rett syndrome, Reye's syndrome, Riley-Day syndrome, Sandhoff disease, Schilder's disease, Seitelberger disease, Shy-Drager syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, spasticity, spina bifida, spinal muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia, spinocerebellar atrophy, spinocerebellar degeneration, Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome, striatonigral degeneration, Sturge-Weber syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, tauopathy, Tay-Sachs disease, thoracic outlet syndrome, thyrotoxic myopathy, tic douloureux, Todd's paralysis, trigeminal neuralgia, tropical spastic paraparesis, Troyer syndrome, vascular dementia, Von Economo's disease, Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL), Von Recklinghausen's disease, Wallenberg's syndrome, Werdnig-Hoffman disease, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, West syndrome, Whipple's disease, Williams syndrome, Wilson disease, Wolman's disease, X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, and Zellweger syndrome.

10 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the transgene is a cDNA encoding a protein or a fragment thereof or encoding an RNA molecule useful in gene editing or gene silencing.

11 . The method of claim 2 , wherein:

the CNS disease is Alzheimer's disease and the at least one transgene comprises a cDNA of a gene selected from the group comprising or consisting of 3R tau, 4R tau, AGER, APP, BAX, BCL-2, CHRNA7, DRD2, GFAP, GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIK1, GRIN1, IL-1, SLC1A1, SYP and SYT1;

the CNS disease is Parkinson's disease and the at least one transgene comprises a cDNA of a gene selected from the group comprising of ATP13A2, BDNF, EGLN1, GBA, GSTM1, LRRK2, NR4A2, NTRK2, PARK2, PARK7, PINK1, PRKN, S1068, SKP1, SNCA, VPS35 and UCH-L1;

the CNS disease is Huntington's disease and the at least one transgene comprises a cDNA of a gene selected from the group comprising of ATN1, ATXN1, ATXN2, ATXN3, FTL, HTT, IT15, JPH3, PRNP, SLC2A3, TBP, TITF-1 and XBP1;

the CNS disease is Canavan's Disease and the at least one transgene cDNA of the ASPA gene;

the CNS disease is Batten disease and the at least one transgene comprises a cDNA of a gene selected from the group comprising or consisting of CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN8, CTSD and MFSD8;

the CNS disease is mucopolysaccharidosis (such as any of Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome, Scheie syndrome, Hunter syndrome, Sanfilippo syndrome A, B, C or D, Morquio syndrome B, Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, Sly syndrome or Natowicz syndrome) and the at least one transgene comprises a cDNA of a gene selected from the group comprising or consisting of ARSB, GAA, GALNS, GLB1, GNS, GUSB, HGSNAT, HYAL1, IDS, IDUA, LAL, NAGA, NAGLU, NEU1, NPC1, NPC2, SGSH, SLCA17A5 and SMPD1;

the CNS disease is metachromic leukodystrophy and the at least one transgene comprises the cDNA of the ARSA gene,

the CNS disease is aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency and the at least one transgene comprises the cDNA of the AADC gene.

12 . The method according to claim 11 , wherein the CNS disease is Parkinson's Disease and the at least one transgene comprises the cDNA of GBA gene.

13 . A method for transducing one or more cells within a plurality of brain tissues of a primate subject, comprising:

administering a modified adeno associated virus (AAV) vector directly to an intraparenchymal site of the primate subject, wherein the modified AAV vector comprises:

at least one surface-bound saccharide; and

at least one transgene;

wherein expression of the transgene occurs for at least 1 hour after administration; and

wherein the plurality of brain tissues comprises at least one brain tissue that is distant from the site of administration.

14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein expression of the transgene is under control of at least one element which enhances the transgene target specificity or expression.

15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein expression of the transgene is driven by a promoter.

16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the surface-bound saccharide is selected from the group comprising monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and combinations thereof.

17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the surface-bound saccharide is covalently bound through a linker.

18 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the transgene is selected from the list consisting of: 3R tau, 4R tau, AARS, ABCD1, ACOX1, ADGRV1, ADRA2B, AGA, AGER, ALDH7A1, ALG13, ALS2, ANG, ANXA11, APP, ARHGEF9, ARSA, ARSB, ARV1, ASAH1, ASPA, ATN1, ATP10A, ATP13A2, ATXN1, ATXN2, ATXN3, BAX, BCL-2, BDNF, BICD2, C9orf72, CACNA1A, CACNA1H, CACNB4, CASR, CCNF, CDKL5, CERS1, CFAP410, CHCHD10, CHD2, CHMP2B, CHRNA2, CHRNA4, CHRNA7, CHRNB2, CLCN2a, CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN8, CNTN2, CPA6, CSTB, CTNS, CTSA, CTSD, DAO, DCTN1, DEPDC5, DMD, DNAJB2, DNM1, DOCK7, DRD2, DYNC1H1, EEF1A2, EFHC1, EGLN1, EPHA4, EPM2A, ERBB4, FGF12, FIG4, FRRS1L, FTL, FUCA1, FUS, FXN, GAA, GABRA1, GABRB1, GABRB3, GABRD, GABRG2, GAL, GALC, GALNS, GBA, GFAP, GLA, GLB1, GLE1, GLT8D1, GNAO1, GNS, GOSR2, GPR98, GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIK1, GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2D, GSTM1, GUF1, GUSB, HCN1, HGSNAT, HNRNPA1, HTT, HYAL1, IDS, IDUA, IGHMBP2, IL-1, IT15, ITPA, JPH3, KCNA2, KCNB1, KCNC1, KCNMA1, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, KCNT1, KCTD7, LAL, LAMP2, LGI1, LMNB2, LRRK2, MAN2B1, MAN2B2, MAN2C1, MANBA, MATR3, MBD5, MFSD8, NAGA, NAGLU, NECAP1, NEFH, NEK1, NEU1, NHLRC1, NPC1, NPC2, NR4A2, NTRK2, OCA2, OPTN, PARK2, PARK7, PCDH19, PEX1, PEX2, PEX3, PEX5, PEX6, PEX10, PEX11B, PEX12, PEX13, PEX14, PEX16, PEX19, PEX26, PFN1, PINK1, PLCB1, PNPO, PON1, PON2, PON3, PPARGC1A, PRDM8, PRICKLE1, PRKN, PRNP, PRPH, PRRT2, PSAP, S106β, SCARB2, SCN1A, SCN1B, SCN2A, SCN8A, SCN9A, SCN9Ab, SETX, SGSH, SIGMAR1, SIK1, SKP1, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC2A1, SLC6A1, SLC9A6, SLC12A5, SLC13A5, SLC25A12, SLC25A22, SLCA17A5, SMN1, SMPD1, SNCA, SNRPN, SOD1, SPG11, SPTAN1, SQSTM1, ST3GAL3, ST3GAL5, STX1B, STXBP1, SYP, SYT1, SZT2, TAF15, TARDBP, TBC1D24, TBCE, TBK1, TBP, TITF-1, TREM2, UBA5, UBE1, UBE3A, UBQLN2, UCH-L1, UNC13A, VAPB, VCP, VPS35, WWOX, and XBP1.

19 . The method of claim 13 , wherein expression of the transgene occurs for 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 2 weeks, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, 3 weeks, 22 days, 23 days, 24 days, 25 days, 26 days, 27 days, 28 days, 29 days, 30 days, 31 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 1 year, 13 months, 14 months, 15 months, 16 months, 17 months, 18 months, 19 months, 20 months, 21 months, 21 months, 22 months, 23 months, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years, or more than 10 years.