Sleep aid apparatus and control thereof
Improved means for guiding a user in paced breathing for sleep induction. A processing device controls generating of a cyclically patterned user-perceptible stimulus to guide a user in pacing their breathing. In some embodiments, means are included for aligning a phase of the cyclically patterned first user-perceptible stimulus with a phase of the user's breathing cycle. In some embodiments, means are included for aligning an initial (i.e. starting) phase of the cyclically patterned first user-perceptible stimulus with a phase of the user's breathing cycle at the moment of starting. In some embodiments, means are included for detecting asynchrony between the phase of the guiding stimulus and the phase of the user's breathing cycle, and a response is performed based on the detected asynchrony. The response may be to communicate a synchronization status to the user via a second user-perceptible stimulus or output. The response may be to take steps to correct any asynchrony.
1 . A method for controlling a sleep-aid apparatus,
the sleep aid apparatus comprising one or more stimulus generators operable to generate user-perceptible stimuli with one or more sensory modalities to guide a user in matching a pacing of breathing of the user to a cycle frequency of the user-perceptible stimulus, and the sleep aid apparatus further comprising at least one physiological sensor operable to generate sensor data,
wherein the method comprises:
receiving the sensor data from the at least one physiological sensor;
determining a respiration phase of the user based the sensor data;
determining a heart rate variability (HRV) of the user based on the sensor data;
providing control signals to the one or more stimulus generators to generate multiple user-perceptible stimuli, each of the multiple user-perceptible stimuli having a different cycle frequency;
determining the heart rate variability for each of the different cycle frequencies;
providing a further control signal to the one or more stimulus generators to generate a first user-perceptible stimulus based on the respiration phase and the determined heart rate variability.
2 . The method of claim 1 , comprising determining a cycle frequency of the different cycle frequencies corresponding to the highest heart rate variability,
providing, after determining the cycle frequency corresponding to the highest heart rate variability, the further control signal based on the cycle frequency corresponding to the highest heart rate variability.
3 . The method of claim 1 , comprising determining a synchronization status between a cycle phase of the first user-perceptible stimulus and the respiration phase of the user, and performing a response action based on the synchronization status, and wherein the response action comprises performing one or more adjustments of the cycle phase of the first user-perceptible stimulus so as to align with a current respiration phase of the user.
4 . The method of claim 3 ,
wherein the one or more adjustments are performed at recurrent/repeating time points.
5 . The method of claim 1 , comprising determining a synchronization status between the cycle phase of the first user-perceptible stimulus and the respiration phase of the user, and performing a response action based on the synchronization status, and wherein the response action comprises providing a second control signal to at least one of the stimulus generators to generate of a second user-perceptible stimulus indicative of the synchronization status between the cycle phase of the first user-perceptible stimulus and the breathing phase of the user.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the second user-perceptible stimulus comprises a stimulus which is:
continuously generated when the respiration phase of the user is synchronized with the cycle phase of the first user-perceptible stimulus; and
not generated when the respiration phase of the user is non-synchronized with the cycle phase of the first user-perceptible stimulus.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein
the second user-perceptible stimulus comprises a vibration stimulus, and
wherein the method comprises, when the respiration phase of the user is synchronized with the cycle phase of the first user-perceptible stimulus, modulating an amplitude of the vibration in synchrony with the respiration phase of the user.
8 . A sleep-aid apparatus comprising:
one or more stimulus generators operable to generate user-perceptible stimuli with one or more sensory modalities;
at least one physiological sensor; and
a processing device adapted to perform the method in accordance with claim 1 .
9 . The sleep-aid apparatus of claim 8 , comprising an article for making physical contact with a user during sleep induction; and
wherein the physiological sensor is integrated in the article.
10 . The sleep-aid apparatus of claim 9 ,
wherein the article is cushioned at least at a surface of the article.
11 . The sleep-aid apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the article is a pillow or a cushion.
12 . The sleep-aid apparatus of claim 9 ,
wherein the at least one physiological sensor is arranged so as to have a sensitive area accessible to physical contact at a surface of the article, and wherein said sensitive area is covered by a pocket or cover element extending over the sensitive area, wherein the pocket or cover element is attached to a surface of the article, and wherein the sensitive area is accessible to physical contact via an opening of the pocket or cover element.
13 . The sleep-aid apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the physiological sensor is a PPG sensor.
14 . The sleep-aid apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the first user-perceptible stimulus is a tactile or haptic stimulus and comprises a cyclical motion induced by an actuation mechanism.
15 . A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions thereon which, when run on a processing device, cause the processing device to perform the method according to claim 1 .