Automotive 3-way catalyst system containing a tail pipe catalyst
The disclosure relates to an automotive catalyst system which can be used to selectively reduce carbon monoxide. The system comprises a first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article in fluid communication with an engine exhaust outlet, a catalytic article located downstream of and in fluid communication with the first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article, a tail-pipe catalytic article arranged downstream in fluid communication and 1.0 to 10 feet away from the catalytic article at a position chosen from before or behind a resonator, before or after a muffler, between the resonator and the muffler, inside the muffler, inside the resonator, and at a tail pipe end.
1 . An automotive catalyst system comprising:
a) a first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article in fluid communication with an engine exhaust outlet, wherein the three-way conversion catalytic article comprises i) a first platinum group metal supported on a first support, and ii) a first substrate;
b) a catalytic article located downstream of and in fluid communication with the first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article, wherein the catalytic article comprises i) a second platinum group metal supported on a second support, and ii) a second substrate;
c) a tail-pipe catalytic article comprising i) a third platinum group metal, a non-platinum group metal, or both, supported on one of ceria-zirconia, ceria, ceria-alumina, lanthana-zirconia, alumina-zirconia, a mixture of alumina and ceria, and a mixture of alumina and ceria-zirconia; and ii) a third substrate,
wherein the loading of the third platinum group metal, if present, ranges from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 10.0 g/ft 3 ;
wherein the non-platinum group metal, if present, is selected from nickel, copper, iron, manganese, and combination thereof, supported on a support, wherein the support is chosen from ceria component, zirconia component, and oxygen storage component, wherein the amount of the non-platinum group metal ranges from 0.1 wt. % to 15 wt. %; and
wherein the tail-pipe catalytic article (c) is arranged downstream in fluid communication and from 1.0 foot to 10 feet away from the catalytic article (b) at a position chosen from before or behind a resonator, before or after a muffler, between the resonator and the muffler, inside the muffler, inside the resonator, and at a tail pipe end.
2 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of third platinum group metal is less than 10 wt. % of the total amount of the platinum group metal present in the catalyst system.
3 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the loading of the first platinum group metal ranges from 50 g/ft 3 to 300 g/ft 3 .
4 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the loading of the second platinum group metal ranges from 1.0 g/ft 3 and 50.0 g/ft 3 .
5 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the loading of the third platinum group metal ranges from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 5.0 g/ft 3 .
6 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first, second and third platinum group metal is platinum, palladium, rhodium, or any combination thereof.
7 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the third platinum group metal is platinum.
8 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein, the automotive catalyst system further comprises:
a) a first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article in fluid communication with an engine exhaust outlet, wherein the article comprises from 50 g/ft 3 to 300 g/ft 3 of a first platinum group metal supported on a first support and a first substrate;
b) a catalytic article located downstream of and in fluid communication with the first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article, wherein the catalytic article comprises from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 50 g/ft 3 of a second platinum group metal supported on a second support, and a second substrate;
c) a tail-pipe catalytic article comprising i) from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 5.0 g/ft 3 of a third platinum group metal, non-platinum group metal, or both supported on one of ceria-zirconia, ceria, ceria-alumina, lanthana-zirconia, alumina-zirconia, a mixture of alumina and ceria, and a mixture of alumina and ceria-zirconia; and ii) a third substrate,
wherein the tail-pipe catalytic article (c) is arranged downstream in fluid communication and from 1.0 foot to 10 feet away from the catalytic article (b) at a position chosen from before or behind a resonator; before or after a muffler; between the resonator and the muffler; inside the muffler; inside the resonator; and at a tail pipe end.
9 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the first or second support is chosen from an alumina component, an oxygen storage component, a zirconia component, and a ceria component.
10 . The catalyst system according to claim 9 , wherein the alumina component is chosen from alumina, lanthana-alumina, ceria-alumina, ceria-zirconia-alumina, zirconia-alumina, lanthana-zirconia-alumina, baria-alumina, baria-lanthana-alumina, baria-lanthana-neodymia-alumina, and combinations thereof.
11 . The catalyst system according to claim 9 , wherein the oxygen storage component is chosen from ceria-zirconia, ceria-zirconia-lanthana, ceria-zirconia-yttria, ceria-zirconia-lanthana-yttria, ceria-zirconia-neodymia, ceria-zirconia-praseodymia, ceria-zirconia-lanthana-neodymia, ceria-zirconia-lanthana-praseodymia, ceria-zirconia-lanthana-neodymia-praseodymia, and combinations thereof.
12 . The catalyst system according to claim 9 , wherein the ceria component is chosen from ceria and stabilized ceria with a cerium oxide content of at least 85% by weight, the ceria component optionally comprising a dopant chosen from zirconia, yttria, praseodymia, lanthana, neodymia, samaria, gadolinia, alumina, titania, baria, strontia, and combinations thereof, wherein the amount of the dopant ranges from 1.0 wt. % to 20.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the ceria component.
13 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic article (b) is an underfloor catalytic article or a second close coupled catalytic article.
14 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article (a), the catalytic article (b), or both is a single layered or bi-layered catalytic article.
15 . The catalyst system according to claim 14 , wherein the first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article (a), the catalytic article (b), or both is a bi-layered catalytic article comprising a bottom layer and a top layer, wherein the bottom, top layer, or both comprises a front zone and a rear zone.
16 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the non-platinum group metal comprises a combination of nickel and copper, and wherein the amount of nickel is 10 wt. % and the amount of copper is 5.0 wt. %.
17 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first, second and third substrate is a ceramic substrate, a metal substrate, a coated ceramic foam substrate, a polymer foam substrate, or a woven fibre substrate.
18 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the automotive catalyst system comprises:
a) a first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article in fluid communication with an engine exhaust outlet, wherein the article comprises i) a bottom layer comprising from 90 g/ft 3 to 100 g/ft 3 of palladium supported on an alumina component and oxygen storage component, ii) a top layer comprising from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 10 g/ft 3 of rhodium supported on alumina component, and iii) a first substrate;
b) an underfloor catalytic article located downstream of and in fluid communication with the first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article, wherein the article comprises i) from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 5.0 g/ft 3 of rhodium supported on an alumina component and oxygen storage component, and ii) a second substrate;
c) a tail-pipe catalytic article comprising i) from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 5.0 g/ft 3 of platinum supported on ceria-alumina, and ii) a third substrate,
wherein the tail-pipe catalytic article (c) is arranged downstream in fluid communication and from 1.0 foot to 10 feet away from the catalytic article (b) at a position chosen from before or behind a resonator; before or after a muffler; between the resonator and the muffler; inside the muffler; inside the resonator; and at a tail pipe end.
19 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the automotive catalyst system comprises:
a) a first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article in fluid communication with an engine exhaust outlet, wherein the article is a bi-layered article comprising i) a bottom layer comprising from 90 g/ft 3 to 100 g/ft 3 of palladium supported on an alumina component and oxygen storage component, ii) a top layer comprising from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 10 g/ft 3 of rhodium supported on alumina component, and iii) a first substrate;
b) an underfloor catalytic article located downstream of and in fluid communication with the first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article, wherein the article comprises i) from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 5.0 g/ft 3 of rhodium supported on an alumina component and oxygen storage component, and ii) a second substrate;
c) a tail-pipe catalytic article comprising i) from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 5.0 g/ft 3 of palladium supported on ceria-alumina; and ii) a third substrate,
wherein the tail-pipe catalytic article (c) is arranged downstream in fluid communication and from 1.0 foot to 10 feet away from the catalytic article (b) at a position chosen from before or behind a resonator; before or after a muffler; between the resonator and the muffler; inside the muffler; inside the resonator; and at a tail pipe end.
20 . The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the automotive catalyst system comprises:
a) a first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article in fluid communication with an engine exhaust outlet, wherein the article comprises i) a bottom layer comprising from 90 g/ft 3 to 100 g/ft 3 of palladium supported on an alumina component and oxygen storage component, ii) a top layer comprising from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 10 g/ft 3 of rhodium supported on alumina component, and iii) a first substrate;
b) an underfloor catalytic article located downstream of and in fluid communication with the first close coupled three-way conversion catalytic article, wherein the article comprises i) from 1.0 g/ft 3 to 5.0 g/ft 3 of rhodium supported on an alumina component and oxygen storage component, and ii) a second substrate;
c) a tail-pipe catalytic article comprising i) 0.5 wt. % of CuO and 10 wt. % of NiO supported on ceria and lanthana-zirconia; and ii) a third substrate,
wherein the tail-pipe catalytic article (c) is arranged downstream in fluid communication and from 1.0 foot to 10 feet away from the catalytic article (b) at a position chosen from before or behind a resonator; before or after a muffler; between the resonator and the muffler; inside the muffler; inside the resonator; and at a tail pipe end.
21 . A method of reducing hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide levels in a gaseous exhaust stream, the method comprising contacting the gaseous exhaust stream with the catalyst system according to claim 1 .
22 . A method of reducing the carbon monoxide level in a gaseous exhaust stream, the method comprising contacting the gaseous exhaust stream with the catalyst system according to claim 1 .