Spray head

1 . A spray head including:

an inlet for receiving fluid;

a plurality of nozzles in fluid communication with the inlet, wherein each nozzle of the plurality of nozzles defines a nozzle opening at a downstream end thereof;

a housing that defines a fluid pathway such that, when in use, fluid enters the housing via the inlet and exits the housing from the nozzle openings;

a swirl inducer downstream of the inlet and adapted to produce, when in use, a swirled fluid flow, wherein the swirl inducer is in fluid communication with the inlet and disposed between the plurality of nozzle openings and the inlet, and wherein the swirl inducer is configured to produce the swirled fluid flow before the fluid reaches the nozzle openings, by providing or enhancing a rotational speed component of the fluid; and

a back-flow prevention arrangement configured to prevent fluid moving back upstream in the spray head;

wherein each of the plurality of nozzles is associated with a separate and respective flow chamber, which forms a part of the fluid pathway, wherein the flow chamber extends from each respective nozzle opening and into the housing of the spray head;

wherein the fluid pathway includes at least one fluid conduit or channel in fluid communication with the inlet, wherein the at least one fluid conduit or channel is configured to direct fluid to each flow chamber, wherein the back-flow prevention arrangement includes a plurality of flow resistance pockets extending in a transverse and upstream direction from its respective fluid conduit or channel;

wherein the plurality of nozzles are adapted to shape the swirled fluid flow exiting therefrom into a continuous jet of fluid of dome shape.

2 . The spray head of claim 1 , wherein the swirl inducer includes structure disposed within the housing, wherein the structure is configured, when in use, to induce or generate rotational motion in the fluid.

3 . The spray head of claim 1 , wherein the swirl inducer is adapted, when in use, to swirl fluid in a generally transverse plane of the spray head to produce the swirled fluid flow.

4 . The spray head of claim 1 , wherein the at least one fluid conduit or channel is configured to convey fluid in a transverse plane of the spray head.

5 . The spray head of claim 1 , wherein the fluid pathway includes a plurality of fluid conduits or channels, each fluid conduit or channel originating from a common point and extending towards a radially outer end of the housing.

6 . The spray head of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of fluid conduits or channels are angularly spaced relative to one another such that, in use, the fluid is evenly distributed along each fluid conduit or channel.

7 . The spray head of claim 1 , wherein the swirl inducer includes structure defining a plurality of swirling regions in fluid communication with the at least one fluid conduit or channel, wherein each of the plurality of flow chambers is associated with a separate and respective swirling region.

8 . The spray head of claim 7 , wherein each swirling region is disposed tangentially to its associated fluid conduit or channel.

9 . The spray head of claim 1 , wherein the swirl inducer includes a plurality of baffles spaced about a flow chamber inlet of each flow chamber, wherein a flow passage is provided between each adjacent pair of baffles and the respective flow passages are disposed tangentially to the flow chamber inlet.

10 . The spray head of claim 9 , wherein the baffles are arcuate shaped and include diversion surfaces, defined by an inner surface of the baffles, configured to divert the fluid in a manner to enhance rotational motion of the fluid and thereby produce the swirled fluid flow.

11 . The spray head of claim 9 , wherein the flow chamber includes structure defining a chamber flow path between the flow chamber inlet and nozzle opening, the chamber flow path adapted to promote or maintain swirling of the fluid.

12 . The spray head of claim 1 , wherein the swirl inducer further includes a plurality of inserts, each insert configured to be received in the respective flow chambers and configured, when in use, to produce swirled fluid in a generally vertical plane of the spray head.

13 . The spray head of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of flow resistance pockets are spaced along a span of each fluid conduit or channel.

14 . The spray head of claim 2 , wherein the housing includes an inner core disposed therein, wherein the structure is formed on, with, or adjacent the inner core.

15 . The spray head of claim 1 , wherein the spray head is in the form of a shower head.