Metal plated additively manufactured plastic ACM shrouds with internal thermally adaptive structure
Forming a shroud for an ACM by: forming a base having discrete sections including: a first section defining connecting features for connecting with a fixed ACM structure; a second section positioned adjacent to a compressor rotor when installed in the ACM; and a third section disposed adjacent to a drive ring bearing when installed in the ACM; forming the base includes: printing thermoplastic polymer surfaces, respectively from thermoplastic polymers, disposed against each other, a first thermoplastic polymer surface having a CTE, and a second thermoplastic polymer surface having a second CTE; forming a lower support section on the base by printing along the discrete sections of the base a mixture of a third thermoplastic polymer and a catalyst formed with metal; and forming an upper support section on the shroud by depositing on the lower support section, along each of the discrete sections, via electrolysis deposition, a metallic coating.
1 . A method of forming a shroud for an air cycle machine (ACM), the method comprising:
forming a shroud base having a plurality of discrete sections including: a first section defining connecting features for connecting with a fixed structure of the ACM; a second section that is positioned adjacent to a compressor rotor when installed in the ACM; and a third section that is disposed adjacent to a drive ring bearing when installed in the ACM, wherein forming the shroud base includes:
printing, layer by layer, the shroud base, by printing first and second thermoplastic polymer surfaces, respectively from first and second thermoplastic polymers, that are disposed against each other, the first thermoplastic polymer surface having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and the second thermoplastic polymer surface having a second CTE;
forming a lower support section on the shroud base by printing, layer by layer, along the plurality of discrete sections of the shroud base a mixture of a third thermoplastic polymer and a catalyst formed with metal; and
forming an upper support section on the shroud by depositing on the lower support section, along each of the discrete sections, via electrolysis deposition, a metallic coating, to thereby control thermal expansion and contraction of the shroud along the plurality of discrete sections, to thereby make the shroud.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second CTEs differ from each other.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
forming the shroud base includes printing, layer by layer, a lattice of beads, wherein each of the beads has an outer surface formed by the first thermoplastic polymer surface and an inner surface formed by the second thermoplastic polymer surface, and wherein a void is formed in a center of each of the beads.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein:
the outer surface has first thickness and the inner surface has a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein:
forming the shroud base includes printing the outer surface or the inner surface of each bead to include a first fiber having a fourth CTE that differs from the first and second CTEs.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein:
forming the shroud base includes printing the outer surface to include the first fiber having the fourth CTE and the inner surface to include a second fiber that that has a fifth CTE.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the first fiber and the second fiber differ from each other, each being one of metallic, carbon or Kevlar fibers.
8 . The method of claim 3 , wherein:
forming the shroud base includes printing, layer by layer, a reinforcing fibrous string on each bead, wherein the reinforcing fibrous string extends linearly across the bead, over the void of the bead.
9 . The method of claim 3 , wherein forming the shroud base includes:
printing the first thermoplastic polymer surface to provide a first CTE gradient; and
printing the second thermoplastic polymer surface to provide a second CTE gradient.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein:
the first and second CTE gradients change in a thickness direction of the shroud base; or
the first and second CTE gradients change in a circumferential direction.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
forming the shroud base includes printing, layer by layer, a continuous structure having voids, where the continuous structure is formed by the first thermoplastic polymer surface, and each of the voids is lined with the second thermoplastic polymer surface.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second thermoplastic polymer surfaces are the same as each other.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first thermoplastic polymer surface is Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is palladium (II) chloride (PdCl 2 ).
15 . The method of claim 1 , including utilizing stereolithography (SLA) or fused deposition modeling (FDM).