Concentric electrochemical device

1 . An electrochemical device for reducing a dissolved metal of a liquid stream, the electrochemical device comprising:

a carbonaceous cathode surrounding a metal-containing anode;

a separator arranged between the metal-containing anode and the carbonaceous cathode; and

either one of:

a conductive cathode current collector housing on the carbonaceous cathode, the conductive cathode current collector housing comprising at least one inlet and outlet for the liquid stream; or

a non-conductive cathode current collector housing on the carbonaceous cathode, the non-conductive cathode current collector housing comprising at least one inlet and outlet for the liquid stream, and a metal shim arranged between the carbonaceous cathode and the non-conductive cathode current collector housing.

2 . The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein a feed spacer is arranged between the metal-containing anode and the separator.

3 . The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous cathode is a carbon felt, a woven carbon cloth, a carbon film, or an activated carbon material.

4 . The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the metal-containing anode is a solid rod or a film.

5 . The electrochemical device of claim 4 , wherein a conductive anode current collector is in contact with the metal-containing anode, and the metal-containing anode is arranged between the conductive anode current collector and the separator.

6 . The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein the conductive anode current collector is non-porous, a solid rod, or a combination thereof.

7 . The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous cathode has a larger geometric surface area than the metal-containing anode; or wherein the metal-containing anode has a larger geometric surface area than the carbonaceous cathode.

8 . An electrochemical device for reducing a dissolved metal of a liquid stream, the electrochemical device comprising:

a metal-containing cathode core and a carbonaceous anode;

a separator arranged between the metal-containing cathode and the carbonaceous anode; and

either one of:

a conductive anode current collector housing on the carbonaceous anode, the conductive anode current collector housing comprising at least one inlet and outlet for the liquid stream; or

a non-conductive cathode current collector housing on the carbonaceous anode, the non-conductive cathode current collector housing comprising at least one inlet and outlet for the liquid stream, and a metal shim arranged between the carbonaceous anode and the non-conductive cathode current collector housing.

9 . The electrochemical device of claim 8 , wherein a feed spacer is arranged between the metal-containing cathode and the separator.

10 . The electrochemical device of claim 8 , wherein the carbonaceous anode is a carbon felt, a woven carbon cloth, a carbon film, or an activated carbon material.

11 . The electrochemical device of claim 8 , wherein the metal-containing cathode is a solid rod or a film.

12 . The electrochemical device of claim 11 , wherein a conductive cathode current collector is in contact with the metal-containing cathode, and the metal-containing cathode is arranged between the conductive cathode current collector and the separator.

13 . The electrochemical device of claim 12 , wherein the conductive cathode current collector is non-porous, a solid rod, or a combination thereof.

14 . The electrochemical device of claim 8 , wherein the carbonaceous anode has a larger geometric surface area than the metal-containing cathode; or wherein the metal-containing cathode has a larger geometric surface area than the carbonaceous anode.

15 . An electrochemical device for reducing a dissolved metal of a liquid stream, the electrochemical device comprising:

a carbonaceous anode and a metal-containing cathode;

a conductive anode current collector rod structure at a core of the electrochemical device and in contact with the carbonaceous anode;

a separator arranged between the carbonaceous anode and the metal-containing cathode; and

either one of:

a conductive cathode current collector housing on the metal-containing cathode, the conductive cathode current collector housing comprising at least one inlet and outlet for the liquid stream; or

a non-conductive cathode current collector housing on the metal-containing cathode, the non-conductive cathode current collector housing comprising at least one inlet and outlet for the liquid stream, and a metal shim arranged between the metal-containing cathode and the non-conductive cathode current collector housing.

16 . The electrochemical device of claim 15 , wherein a feed spacer is arranged between the metal-containing cathode and the separator.

17 . The electrochemical device of claim 15 , wherein the carbonaceous anode is a carbon felt, a woven carbon cloth, a carbon film, or an activated carbon material.

18 . The electrochemical device of claim 15 , wherein the metal-containing cathode is a film.

19 . The electrochemical device of claim 15 , wherein the conductive anode current collector is non-porous.

20 . The electrochemical device of claim 15 , wherein the carbonaceous anode has a larger geometric surface area than the metal-containing anode; or wherein the metal-containing cathode has a larger geometric surface area than the carbonaceous cathode.