Method of making a glass product, and a glass product
A method of making a glass product includes the steps of: melting a batch of a plurality of glass raw materials in a melting tank to form a glass melt; heating at least one of the plurality of glass raw materials and the glass melt using at least one fuel burner by reacting hydrogen and oxygen; withdrawing the glass melt from the melting tank; obtaining a glass product, the glass product having an Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ ratio of less than 0.2 or less than 0.05 and having at least one of less than 80 bubbles in a size range of from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm per 10 kg of glass and less than 2 bubbles of a size larger than 0.2 mm per 10 kg of a glass.
1 . A glass product, comprising;
a composition, the glass product having an Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ ratio of less than 0.15 and having at least one of less than 80 bubbles in a size range of from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm per 10 kg of a glass and less than 2 bubbles of a size larger than 0.2 mm per 10 kg of a glass.
2 . The glass product according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the composition exhibits a CO 2 solubility of less than 5·10 19 molecules CO 2 bar −1 cm −3 glass melt at 1100° C. and the glass product has a total carbon content of less than 310 ppm, based on a weight of the carbon atoms with respect to a weight of the glass product.
3 . The glass product according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a temperature dependence of the CO 2 solubility exceeding 2·10 14 molecules CO 2 bar −1 cm −3 K −1 in a temperature range of from 1000 to 1600° C.
4 . The glass product according to claim 1 , wherein the composition exhibits a viscosity of 10 2 dPas at a temperature above 1580° C.
5 . The glass product according to claim 1 , wherein the glass product is a sheet, a wafer, a plate, a tube, a rod, an ingot, or a block.
6 . The glass product according to claim 1 , wherein the glass product has a molar Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ ratio of at least 0.005.
7 . The glass product according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has an alkali metal oxides content of less than 20% by weight.
8 . The glass product according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises Fe 2 O 3 in an amount of 0.0005% to 0.05% by weight.
9 . The glass product according to claim 1 , wherein the glass is a borosilicate, alumino-borosilicate, aluminosilicate glass or a lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) glass.
10 . The glass product according to claim 1 , wherein the glass product comprises less than 2 bubbles having a size of at least 100 μm and a CO 2 content of more than 10% relative to a total volume of gas in a bubble, per 10 kg of the glass.
11 . A glass product, comprising;
a composition, the composition having a CO 2 solubility of less than 5·10 19 molecules CO 2 bar −1 cm −3 glass melt at 1100° C. and a total carbon content of 10 to 310 ppm, based on a weight of a plurality of carbon atoms with respect to a weight of the glass product.
12 . The glass product according to claim 11 , wherein the composition has a temperature dependence of the CO 2 solubility exceeding 2·10 14 molecules CO 2 bar −1 cm −3 K −1 in a temperature range of from 1000 to 1600° C.
13 . The glass product according to claim 11 , wherein the glass product comprises less than 2 bubbles having a size of at least 100 μm and a CO 2 content of more than 10% relative to a total volume of gas in a bubble, per 10 kg of glass.
14 . The glass product according to claim 11 , wherein the composition exhibits a viscosity of 10 2 dPas at a temperature above 1580° C.
15 . The glass product according to claim 11 , wherein the glass product is a sheet, a wafer, a plate, a tube, a rod, an ingot, or a block.
16 . The glass product according to claim 11 , wherein the glass product has a molar Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ ratio of from 0.005 to 0.2.
17 . The glass product according to claim 11 , wherein the composition has an alkali metal oxides content of less than 20% by weight.
18 . The glass product according to claim 11 , wherein the composition comprises Fe 2 O 3 in an amount of 0.0005% to 0.05% by weight.
19 . The glass product according to claim 11 , wherein the glass is a borosilicate, alumino-borosilicate, aluminosilicate glass or a lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) glass.