Ring-in-ring complexes exhibiting tunable multicolor photoluminescence
Disclosed herein are ring-in-ring photoluminescent complexes comprising a host cyclophane and a guest cyclophane threaded through the host cyclophane and methods of using and making the same. Further disclosed herein a method for tuning photo-luminescence, the method comprising providing a host cyclophane and a guest cyclophane, contacting the guest cyclophane with the host cyclophane thereby forming the ring-in-ring photoluminescent complex.
1 . A ring-in-ring photoluminescent complex comprising a host cyclophane and a guest cyclophane threaded through the host cyclophane, wherein the host cyclophane is a cucurbit[n]uril,
wherein the complex is a 1:1 host-guest complex, a 2:1 host-guest complex, or a combination thereof and
wherein the guest cyclophane has a first photoluminescent emission maxima, the 1:1 host-guest complex has a second photoluminescent emission maxima, the 2:1 host-guest complex with the host cyclophane has a third photoluminescent emission maxima, and each of the first, second, and third photoluminescent emission maxima are different.
2 . The complex of claim 1 , wherein the complex is the 1:1 host-guest complex.
3 . The complex of claim 1 , wherein the complex is the 2:1 host-guest complex.
4 . The complex of claim 1 , wherein the host cyclophane is cucurbit[8]uril.
5 . The complex of claim 1 , wherein the guest cyclophane is
6 . The complex of claim 1 , wherein the guest cyclophane is the tetracationic cyclophane.
7 . The complex of claim 6 , wherein the host cyclophane is cucurbit[8]uril and the guest cyclophane is
8 . A photoluminescent composition comprising the host cyclophane and the guest cyclophane, wherein the composition is capable of forming the ring-in-ring photoluminescent complex according to claim 1 and wherein molar ratio of the host cyclophane to the guest cyclophane in the composition determines the frequency of emitted radiation after irradiation.
9 . The composition of claim 8 , wherein the composition comprises two or more of the 1:1 host-guest complex, the 2:1 host-guest complex, an uncomplexed host cyclophane, and an uncomplexed guest cyclophane.
10 . The composition of claim 9 , wherein the composition comprises the 1:1 host-guest complex and the 2:1 host-guest complex.
11 . The composition of claim 8 further comprising a competitive complexation agent.
12 . The composition of claim 11 , wherein the competitive complexation agent is a competitive guest.
13 . The composition of claim 11 , wherein the competitive complexation agent is a competitive host.
14 . A method of inducing photoluminescence, the method comprising irradiating the ring-in-ring photoluminescent complex according to claim 1 .
15 . A method of inducing photoluminescence, the method comprising irradiating the composition according to claim 8 .
16 . A method for tuning photoluminescence, the method comprising providing a host cyclophane and a guest cyclophane, contacting the guest cyclophane with the host cyclophane thereby forming the ring-in-ring photoluminescent complex according to claim 1 , and irradiating the complex, wherein a molar ratio of host cyclophane to the guest cyclophane determines the frequency of emitted radiation.
17 . The method of claim 16 further comprising providing a competitive complexation agent.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the competitive complexation agent is a competitive guest.
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the competitive complexation agent is a competitive host.