High temperature benzoxazine resins, methods, and uses thereof
A benzoxazine resin composition is provided. The benzoxazine resin composition includes a benzoxazine resin that is a reaction product of an amine, a phenol, and an aldehyde. Either the amine is a diamine or the phenol is a bisphenol, and the benzoxazine resin has at least one nitrogen-containing crosslinking functional group or pyrocitric functional group. A method of preparing a benzoxazine resin composition is also provided. The method includes reacting an amine, a phenol, and an aldehyde at a temperature of above 60° C., for 1 h to 5 days to form a benzoxazine resin. The benzoxazine resin has at least one nitrogen-containing crosslinking functional group or pyrocitric functional group, and either the amine is a diamine or the phenol is a bisphenol. Also provided is a cured resin made from the benzoxazine resin composition.
1 . A benzoxazine resin composition, comprising:
a benzoxazine resin that is a reaction product of an amine, a phenol, and an aldehyde; and
a second compound comprising at least one furan functional group and at least one benzoxazine group,
wherein either the amine is a diamine or the phenol is a bisphenol, and
wherein the benzoxazine resin has at least one nitrogen-containing crosslinking functional group selected from the group consisting of a maleimide functional group, a pyrocitric functional group, a nitrile functional group forming a triazine structure upon thermal activation, and combinations thereof.
2 . The benzoxazine resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the benzoxazine resin has the pyrocitric functional group selected from the group consisting of citraconic imide, itaconic imide, mesaconic imide, and combinations thereof.
3 . The benzoxazine resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the phenol is present in a molar ratio ranging from 1:1 to 2:1, relative to the diamine.
4 . The benzoxazine resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the second compound comprising the at least one furan functional group and the at least one benzoxazine group is included in the benzoxazine resin composition in an amount ranging between about 10% to about 90% by molar ratios (mol %), based on the total molar amount of the resin composition.
5 . A method of forming a cured benzoxazine resin composition, comprising:
providing the benzoxazine resin composition of claim 1 ; and
curing the benzoxazine resin by thermal activation to form the cured benzoxazine resin.
6 . A composite material comprising reinforcement fibers and a curable matrix resin, wherein the curable matrix resin comprises the benzoxazine resin composition of claim 1 .
7 . The composite material of claim 6 , wherein the composite material is a prepreg comprising a layer of reinforcement fibers impregnated with or embedded in the curable matrix resin.
8 . The benzoxazine resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the benzoxazine resin has the maleimide functional group selected from the group consisting of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide, N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide, N-(4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide, N-(4-carboxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide, N-(3-carboxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide, N-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide, N-(2-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide, and N-(2-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide, and combinations thereof.
9 . The benzoxazine resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the benzoxazine resin has the nitrile functional group, the nitrile functional group being a cyano functional group.
10 . A method of preparing a benzoxazine resin composition, comprising reacting an amine, a phenol, and an aldehyde to form a benzoxazine resin, wherein the benzoxazine resin has at least one nitrogen-containing crosslinking functional group selected from the group consisting of a maleimide functional group, a pyrocitric functional group, a nitrile functional group forming a triazine structure upon thermal activation, and combinations thereof, and wherein either the amine is a diamine or the phenol is a bisphenol, at a temperature of above 60° C., for 1 h to 5 days; and
blending a second compound comprising at least one furan functional group and at least one benzoxazine group with the benzoxazine resin.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the phenol is present in a molar ratio ranging from about 1:1 to about 2:1, relative to the diamine.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein prior to blending the second compound with the benzoxazine resin, the second compound is blended with a non-reactive diluent selected from the group consisting of 1,4-dioxane, benzene, toluene, chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, nitromethane, and combinations thereof.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the second compound comprising the at least one furan functional group and the at least one benzoxazine group is included in the benzoxazine resin composition in an amount ranging between 5% to 90% by molar ratios (mol %), based on the total molar amount of the resin composition.
14 . A cured resin, comprising a cured benzoxazine resin, wherein the benzoxazine resin, prior to curing, comprises:
a reaction product of an amine, a phenol, and an aldehyde; and
a second compound comprising at least one furan functional group and at least one benzoxazine group,
wherein the benzoxazine resin has at least one nitrogen-containing crosslinking functional group selected from the group consisting of a maleimide functional group, a pyrocitric functional group, a nitrile functional group forming a triazine structure upon thermal activation, and combinations thereof, and
wherein either the amine is a diamine or the phenol is a bisphenol.
15 . The cured resin of claim 14 , wherein the cured resin has a tensile strength, measured according to ASTM D1708, ranging from 30 to 150 MPa.
16 . The cured resin of claim 14 , wherein the cured resin has an elongation at break, measured according to ASTM D1708, ranging from 1 to 10%.